Q.Why is pituitary gland called the master gland? OR How are rod cells different from cone cells?

Vasopressin (ADH) is a posterior pituitary (neurohypophyseal) hormone.

The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) does not itself synthesise hormones; instead it stores and releases two hormones synthesised by the hypothalamus: oxytocin and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH). Vasopressin acts on the kidney to promote reabsorption of water (antidiuretic action) and helps maintain osmotic balance of body fluids, while also causing vasoconstriction to raise blood pressure at high doses.

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This statement is False — Acromegaly results from too much growth hormone (GH) in adults, not too little; GH deficiency instead causes dwarfism (in children) or related growth-deficiency conditions.

Growth hormone (GH/somatotropin), secreted by the anterior pituitary, regulates the growth of the body, including bones and soft tissues. If GH is secreted in excess in adults (after the epiphyseal growth plates of long bones have already fused), it cannot cause an increase in height, but it causes abnormal enlargement of the extremities — hands, feet, and facial bones (jaw, forehead) — a condition called Acromegaly. In contrast, if GH is under-secret …

Diabetes insipidus results from a deficiency of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH/vasopressin), leading to the excretion of large volumes of dilute urine.

ADH (vasopressin) is produced by the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary; it acts on the kidney's distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, increasing their permeability to water and thereby promoting water reabsorption, which concentrates the urine. When ADH secretion is deficient, the kidney tubules cannot reabsorb enough water, resulting i …

The pituitary is the master gland of the endocrine system, so the answer is (C).

The pituitary gland (hypophysis), located at the base of the brain, secretes several hormones that control other endocrine glands — for example, TSH (controls the thyroid), ACTH (controls the adrenal cortex), and gonadotropins (control the gonads). Because it directs the activity of so many other glands, it is called the master gland.

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ADH (vasopressin) is correctly identified as being released from the posterior pituitary, but it regulates water reabsorption at the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting duct — not the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), which reabsorbs water obligatorily regardless of ADH.

The Assertion states that vasopressin, released by the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis), is also called Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH). This is correct — vasopressin and ADH are the same hormone, secreted by the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary; it decreases urine formation and volume.

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TSH stands for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary to regulate thyroid activity.

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone), also called thyrotropin, is one of the tropic hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Its secretion is itself controlled by TRH (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone) from the hypothalamus. TSH travels through the blood to the thyroid gland, where it stimulates the follicular cells to take up iodine and synthesise the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyroni …

Prolactin is the pituitary hormone that stimulates milk secretion from the mammary glands, so it is matched with Lactation.

Prolactin (PRL) is secreted by the acidophilic cells of the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis). Its principal, well-known physiological role is to stimulate and maintain milk production in the mammary glands following childbirth (growth of mammary tissue during pregnancy is chiefly under oestrogen/progesterone influence, but actual milk synthesis and secretion after …

Of the four hormones listed, only gonadotropins are secreted by the pituitary gland.

Matching each hormone to its actual gland of origin:

• Thyroxine: secreted by the THYROID gland, not the pituitary.
• Gonadotropins (FSH -- follicle-stimulating hormone, and LH -- luteinizing hormone): secreted by the anterior part (adenohypophysis) of the PITUITARY gland; they act on the gonads (testes/ovaries) to regulate gametogenesis and sex-hormone production. This is the correct match. …

The pituitary gland is described as pea-shaped.

The pituitary gland (hypophysis) sits in a bony cavity at the base of the brain, connected to the hypothalamus by a stalk. Despite controlling many other endocrine glands in the body by secreting a wide range of hormones (growth hormone, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin, oxytocin, vasopressin), it is very small …

TSH = Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, an anterior-pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland.

TSH is short for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (also called thyrotropin). It is a tropic hormone secreted by the anterior lobe (pars distalis) of the pituitary gland.

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Gonadotropins (like FSH and LH) are among the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland (the 'master gland'), which also produces GH, TSH, ACTH, and prolactin.

The pituitary gland (hypophysis) has anterior and posterior lobes; the anterior pituitary secretes several tropic hormones including growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, and the gonadotropins (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinising Hormone), which regulate the activity of the testes/ovaries.

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The two hormones stored and released by the posterior pituitary are Oxytocin and Vasopressin (ADH) — both are synthesised in the hypothalamus and merely stored/released from the posterior pituitary.

The pituitary gland (hypophysis) has two functionally distinct parts: the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), which itself synthesises several hormones, and the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis), which does not synthesise hormones of its own. Instead, neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus synthesise two hormones, which travel down nerve axons (the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract) to be stored in and released from the posterior pituitary:

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