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Mathematics and Statistics · Class 11 Commerce

Ch 18Commercial Mathematics — Class 11 Mathematics and Statistics, concept-first.

This Maharashtra Std XI (Commerce) Mathematics and Statistics chapter gathers the everyday arithmetic of trade — percentages, profit and loss, discount, commission and brokerage, interest, shares and GST — into one toolkit. Every idea rests on the single notion of a percentage, so we begin there.

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Q&A

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Concepts

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Key concepts

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Percentage, Profit and Loss

A percentage is a fraction over : , and of is . Percentage change is measured against the original value, . In trade, profit and loss ; both percentages are taken on the cost price: , .

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Chapter contents

The NCERT structure, section by section. Open a section to see its questions, then read the concept-first solution.

1

Percentage and its Commercial Use

This Maharashtra Std XI (Commerce) Mathematics and Statistics chapter gathers the everyday arithmetic of trade — percentages, profit and loss, discount, commission and brokerage, interest, shares and…

2

Profit, Loss and their Percentages

Trade turns on the gap between what a trader pays for goods and what a trader receives for them.

3

Discount — Trade Discount and Cash Discount

Sellers advertise a list price (also called the marked price, MP, or catalogue price) and then reduce it. There are two distinct reductions, applied in a fixed order.

4

Commission and Brokerage

Businesses often sell through agents rather than directly. The agent is paid out of the value of the business transacted.

5

Simple Interest and Compound Interest

Interest is the price of money — what a borrower pays a lender for the use of a principal sum over time, at a stated rate.

6

Shares and Dividends

A company raises capital by dividing it into small equal units called shares, sold to the public.

7

GST and Basic Taxation

GST (Goods and Services Tax) is an indirect tax levied on the supply of goods and services in India. At Std XI level we handle its basic computation on a single transaction.

Exercises

+Show 5 questions5 questions
  1. Q4By selling a watch for ₹2,160 a dealer gains 20%. Find the cost price of the watch.Free
  2. Q9An agent earns commission of 5% on the first ₹1,00,000 of sales and 8% on any sales above ₹1,00,000. If his total sales in a month are ₹1,80…Free
  3. Q12Find the difference between the compound interest and the simple interest on ₹20,000 at 5% per annum for 2 years.Preview
  4. Q14The face value of a share is ₹10 and a dividend of 12% is declared on it. The dividend received per share is: (A) ₹1.20 (B) ₹12 (C) ₹0.12 (D…Preview
  5. Q16The total amount of an invoice, which already includes GST at 5%, is ₹2,100. Find the taxable value of the goods and the GST charged.Preview

More questions

+Show 11 questions11 questions
  1. Example 1A shopkeeper's monthly sales rose from ₹80,000 to ₹92,000. Find the percentage increase in sales.Free
  2. Example 2An article bought for ₹1,200 is sold for ₹1,500. Find the profit and the profit percentage.Free
  3. Example 3A trader buys goods for ₹2,500 and sells them at a loss of 8%. Find the selling price.Free
  4. Example 5The list price of a cupboard is ₹15,000. A trade discount of 12% is allowed. Find the trade discount and the invoice (net) price.Preview
  5. Example 6The marked price of goods is ₹8,000. A trader is allowed a trade discount of 10% and, for paying promptly, a further cash discount of 5%. Fi…Preview
  6. Example 7A salesman is paid a commission of 4% on his sales. In a month his sales were ₹2,50,000. Find his commission for the month.Preview
  7. Example 8A broker charges brokerage of 0.5% from both the buyer and the seller. On a transaction worth ₹1,20,000, find the total brokerage the broker…Preview
  8. Example 10Find the simple interest on ₹6,000 at 8% per annum for 3 years, and the amount payable at the end of the period.Preview
  9. Example 11Find the compound interest on ₹10,000 at 10% per annum for 2 years, compounded annually.Preview
  10. Example 13A person invests ₹24,000 in shares of face value ₹100 which are available in the market at ₹120 per share. The company declares a dividend o…Preview
  11. Example 15A shopkeeper (in Maharashtra) sells goods of taxable value ₹5,000 to a customer within the state. GST is charged at 18%. Find the CGST, the…Preview