Ch 5Emerging Modes of Business — Class 12 Organisation of Commerce and Management, concept-first.

Emerging Modes of Business is a chapter of the Maharashtra State Board (MSBSHSE) HSC Commerce syllabus for Organisation of Commerce and Management, studied at the Std XII level.

For most of commercial history, doing business meant a physical presence: a shop, a warehouse, a sales counter, paper ledgers, and cash or cheque payments.

E-business (electronic business) is the conduct of all aspects of running a business — buying, selling, servicing customers, dealing with suppliers, managing internal operations, and communicating wit…

E-commerce transactions are classified by the type of party on each side of the transaction — a business, a consumer, or the government. The main recognised models are:

A typical e-commerce purchase moves through a broadly standard sequence of steps:

Because e-business involves transmitting personal information, payment details, and money over the internet, it is exposed to risks that a traditional face-to-face, cash transaction largely avoids.

Outsourcing is the practice of a business hiring an outside firm (which may be located in the same country or in another country) to perform an activity, function, or process that the business could o…

BPO is the outsourcing of a specific, well-defined business process or function — one that follows a fairly standard, repeatable procedure — to an external, specialised provider.

Sample papers and previous-year board questions for this subject.