Give two general methods for preparation of ammine.

**OR**

Convert aniline to benzoic acid.

Question

Give two general methods for preparation of ammine.

**OR**

Convert aniline to benzoic acid.

Accepted Answer

>

> [!TLDR]
> This question offers a choice between general amine-preparation methods (primary) and converting aniline all the way to benzoic acid (the alternative). Both are answered below.
>
> **(Primary) — Two general methods for preparation of amines:**
>
> **Method 1 — Reduction of nitro compounds:** Aromatic/aliphatic nitro compounds are reduced (catalytic hydrogenation, $H_2/Pd$, or with $Fe/HCl$, $Sn/HCl$) to primary amines:
>
> $$R-NO_2 \xrightarrow{H_2/Pd\ 	ext{or}\ Fe/HCl} R-NH_2$$
>
> **Method 2 — Reduction of nitriles (or amides):** Nitriles are reduced with $LiAlH_4$ or catalytic hydrogenation to give primary amines with one extra carbon compared to the halide they were made from:
>
> $$R-C\equiv N \xrightarrow{LiAlH_4\ 	ext{or}\ H_2/Ni} R-CH_2-NH_2$$
>
> (A third well-known method is the **Gabriel phthalimide synthesis**, which gives pure primary amines free of secondary/tertiary contamination, via alkylation of potassium phthalimide followed by hydrolysis.)
>
> **OR — Convert aniline to benzoic acid:**
> …

Q.Give two general methods for preparation of ammine. OR Convert aniline to benzoic acid.

Concept understanding — Preparation of Amines

Q.Give two general methods for preparation of ammine. OR Convert aniline to benzoic acid.

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