Q.List the names of some enterprises under the public sector and classify them.

The public sector enterprises named in the chapter, classified by their form of organisation:

• Departmental undertakings: the Railways and the Post and Telegraph Department.
• Government companies (state trading): STC (State Trading Corporation) and MMTC (Metals and Minerals Trading Corporation). …

Enterprises in the public sector are best listed by the form of organisation they take, since that is what defines how each is owned and controlled.

(1) Departmental undertakings — run as a department/extension of a ministry, not a separate legal entity:

• Indian Railways — wholly owned and managed by the government.
• Post and Telegraph Department — the local post office belongs to it.

(2) Statutory corporations — created by a Special Act of Parliament, financially independent bodies corporate that can sue and be sued:

• Any corporation set up by its own Act with defined powers and a specified area of commercial activity falls here.

(3) Government companies — formed under the Companies Act, 2013, with at least 51% of paid-up capital held by the government, set up for business purposes:

• STC (State Trading Corporation) and MMTC (Metals and Minerals Trading Corporation) — public sector trading companies that played an important role in expanding the country's exports. …