Concept Map

This concept map shows how the chapter fits together. Statistics splits into descriptive statistics — which summarises data and estimates the uncertainty in those summaries through the standard error — and inferential statistics, which uses a sample drawn from a population to draw conclusions about the whole. Inference works by stating a statistical hypothesis (a null H₀ and an alternative H₁), then using hypothesis testing to decide whether H₀ is rejected or accepted, most commonly with the t-test for one sample or for two independent groups.