Q.What are the steps in the process of organising?
Organising follows a sequence of four logical steps — identifying and dividing the work, departmentalisation, assignment of duties, and establishing authority and reporting relationships — that together create a clear structure for achieving organisational goals.
The process of organising is not a single act but a deliberate, step-by-step method that managers follow to build a workable structure. Think of it as the blueprint for how a company will function — without it, tasks overlap, responsibilities blur and confusion reigns. The NCERT Class 12 Business Studies chapter lays out four steps in a clear, logical order, each one flowing naturally into the next.
It begins with identification and division of work. The work that has to be done is identified and divided into manageable activities in accordance with previously determined plans. For example, if the goal is to manufacture and sell furniture, the work is divided into activities like purchasing raw materials, production, quality checking, marketing and accounting. This division prevents duplication of effort and shares the burden of work among employees.
Once the work is divided, the next step is departmentalisation — grouping activities that are similar in nature into departments or units. Such grouping facilitates specialisation. The chapter notes that departments can be created using several criteria, the most popular being territory (north, south, west, etc.) and products (appliances, clothes, cosmetics, etc.).
Departmentalisation is what makes specialisation possible: once similar jobs sit together under one head, the people in that department become experts in their narrow area of work.
After grouping, the third step is assignment of duties. The work of different job positions is defined and jobs are allocated to the members of each department according to their skills and competencies. It is essential for effective performance that a proper match is made between the nature of a job and the ability of an individual — the work must be assigned to those who are best fitted to perform it well.
The fourth step is establishing authority and reporting relationships. Merely allocating work is not enough; each individual must also know who he has to take orders from and to whom he is accountable. The establishment of such clear relationships creates a hierarchical structure and helps in coordination among the various departments.
These four steps are the complete process as given in the CBSE/NCERT textbook. Note that establishing authority and reporting relationships is the step that transforms a collection of individuals into a coordinated organisation — it gives the structure its backbone.
The process of organising involves four steps: (1) identification and division of work, (2) departmentalisation, (3) assignment of duties, and (4) establishing authority and reporting relationships — together creating a structure where everyone knows their role and to whom they answer.
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