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Worked Examples · Example 17

Q.Solve using the matrix inversion method: 2x+3y=82x+3y=8, x−2y=−3x-2y=-3.

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Write the system as AX=BAX=B with A=(231−2)A=\begin{pmatrix}2&3\\1&-2\end{pmatrix}, X=(xy)X=\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix}, B=(8−3)B=\begin{pmatrix}8\\-3\end{pmatrix}.

Determinant: ∣A∣=(2)(−2)−(3)(1)=−4−3=−7|A|=(2)(-2)-(3)(1)=-4-3=-7. Since ∣A∣≠0|A|\ne0, AA is non-singular and A−1A^{-1} exists.

Adjoint (swap-and-negate shortcut): adj⁡(A)=(−2−3−12)\operatorname{adj}(A)=\begin{pmatrix}-2&-3\\-1&2\end{pmatrix}

Inverse: A−1=1−7(−2−3−12)=(2/73/71/7−2/7)A^{-1}=\dfrac{1}{-7}\begin{pmatrix}-2&-3\\-1&2\end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix}2/7&3/7\\1/7&-2/7\end{pmatrix}

Solve X=A−1BX=A^{-1}B:

x=27(8)+37(−3)=167−97=77=1x=\tfrac{2}{7}(8)+\tfrac{3}{7}(-3)=\tfrac{16}{7}-\tfrac{9}{7}=\tfrac{7}{7}=1 …

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