Q.State the essentials of a valid tender.

Not every offer to perform counts as a legally valid tender — it has to meet a defined checklist.

1. Unconditional — an offer with extra conditions attached is not a valid tender.
2. Proper time and place — made during usual business hours, at the place agreed for performance.
3. Whole quantity — must cover the entire amount/quantity contracted for, not a part of it.
4. Reasonable opportunity to inspect — for a tender of goods, the promisee must be given a fair chance to examine them before being expected to accept.
5. Exact legal amount — for a tender of money, it must be in legal tender currency for the precise sum due, not by cheque unless the promisee agreed to accept one.
6. Made by a competent person — the promisor themselves, or their duly authorised agent.

Assuming a tender of a part of the total quantity/amount is valid — a tender must cover the whole obligation, and a partial tender is not a valid tender in law.