Bryophytes

Bryophytes are often nicknamed the 'amphibians of the plant kingdom' — like amphibians, they can live on land but still depend on the presence of water (specifically, a thin film of water) to complete fertilization. They are considered the simplest and most primitive of the land plants, thought to have descended from algal-like ancestors, and they remain restricted to moist, shady habitats. Shiv Ram Kashyap (1882–1934), the 'Father of Indian Bryology', wrote *Liverworts of Western Himalayas and …