Flow Chart

The textbook's own flow chart is headed Solutions, and fans out along several branches:

• Types -- Gaseous Solutions, Liquid Solutions, Solid Solutions (section 9.2).
• Concentration Units -- Molality (m), Molarity (M), Normality (N), Formality (F), Mole fraction (x), Mass percentage (% w/w), Volume percentage (% v/v), Mass by volume percentage (% w/v), Parts per million (ppm) (section 9.3).
• Dilute Solutions, splitting into:
  • Ideal Solution, governed by Henry's Law (gas in liquid, section 9.5) and Raoult's Law (liquid in liquid, section 9.7.1).
  • Non-ideal solution, with its own branch of Factors responsible for deviation: nature of solvent-solvent interaction, dissociation of solute, association of solute, temperature, pressure, concentration (section 9.8.3).
  • This same "Dilute Solutions" branch also carries Colligative properties: elevation of boiling point, depression in freezing point, lowering of vapour pressure, and osmotic pressure (with its own Osmosis / Reverse osmosis sub-branch) -- and, feeding out of colligative properties, Abnormal molar mass leading to the Van't Hoff factor (sections 9.9-9.11). …