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Mathematics · Ch 6 — Two Dimensional Analytical Geometry

Equation of the Bisectors of the Angle Between the Lines

6.5.3

Equation of the Bisectors of the Angle Between the Lines

The angle bisectors of the pair ax2+2hxy+by2=0ax^2+2hxy+by^2=0 (i.e. of y−m1x=0y-m_1x=0 and y−m2x=0y-m_2x=0, with m1+m2=−2h/b, m1m2=a/bm_1+m_2=-2h/b,\ m_1m_2=a/b) are found as the locus of points equidistant from both lines. Let P(p,q)P(p,q) be a point on a bisector; equating the perpendicular distance from PP to y−m1x=0y-m_1x=0 with the perpendicular distance from PP to y−m2x=0y-m_2x=0 gives

±q−m1p1+m12=±q−m2p1+m22  ⟹  (q−m1p)2(1+m22)=(q−m2p)2(1+m12).\pm\frac{q-m_1p}{\sqrt{1+m_1^2}}=\pm\frac{q-m_2p}{\sqrt{1+m_2^2}} \;\Longrightarrow\; (q-m_1p)^2(1+m_2^2)=(q-m_2p)^2(1+m_1^2).

Expanding and simplifying (using m1+m2=−2h/bm_1+m_2=-2h/b and m1m2=a/bm_1m_2=a/b to eliminate m1,m2m_1,m_2 individually) reduces this to

p2−q2=2pq(1−m1m2m1+m2)=2pq⋅1−a/b−2h/b=2pq⋅b−a−2h  ⟹  p2−q2a−b=pqh.p^2-q^2=2pq\left(\frac{1-m_1m_2}{m_1+m_2}\right)=2pq\cdot\frac{1-a/b}{-2h/b}=2pq\cdot\frac{b-a}{-2h} \;\Longrightarrow\; \frac{p^2-q^2}{a-b}=\frac{pq}{h}.

Replacing (p,q)(p,q) by (x,y)(x,y), the combined equation of the two angle bisectors is

x2−y2a−b=xyh.\frac{x^2-y^2}{a-b}=\frac{xy}{h}. …