CONCEPT MAP

The concept map traces how every idea in the unit connects back to a small handful of root concepts. Starting from Heat, Work, Ideal gas law and Thermal expansion/Heat capacity (grouped under "Thermal properties"), the map converges into Temperature as the common thread linking them, then flows into Thermodynamics as the unifying framework. From Thermodynamics, the map branches into Internal energy and the First law of thermodynamics, which in turn branches into the four named processes -- Isobaric, Isochoric, Isothermal, Adiabatic process -- on one side, and separately into the Second law of thermodynamics, which branches further into the Carnot engine and the Refrigerator on the other side. The map visually captures the unit's overall architecture: everyday thermal behaviour (sections 8.1-8.3) sets up the vocabulary and tools (temperature, heat capacity, the gas law) that formal thermodynamics (sections 8.4 onward) then …