Q.List the functions of air bladder in fishes.

Step 1. The air bladder is a gas-filled sac present in most bony fishes, which may or may not retain a connection to the gut depending on the species.

Step 2. In most ray-finned fishes, its primary function is buoyancy control — by adjusting the volume of gas within the bladder, the fish can maintain a stable depth in the water column without constantly having to swim to avoid sinking or rising. …

Separate the air bladder's two named functions — buoyancy (most ray-finned fishes) and gas …

• Naming only the buoyancy function and omitting the respiratory role in lungfishes. …