Commerce · Class 12 Commerce
Ch 9Fundamentals of HRM — Class 12 Commerce, concept-first.
Every organisation needs four kinds of resources to function — men, money, machines, and materials — but of these, only the human resource can think, decide, innovate, and make the other three resources productive.
Key concepts
Hover a concept to preview it and jump to its most relevant Q&A.
Meaning and Definition of HRM
HRM is the process of acquiring, developing, motivating, and maintaining a competent workforce so that organisational objectives are achieved while employees also achieve their own individual goals — a broader, more stra…
Most relevant Q&A
Chapter contents
The NCERT structure, section by section. Open a section to see its questions, then read the concept-first solution.
Meaning and Definition of HRM
Every organisation needs four kinds of resources to function — men, money, machines, and materials — but of these, only the human resource can think, decide, innovate, and make the other three resourc…
Nature and Features of HRM
The nature of HRM can be understood through the following features:
Objectives of HRM
The objectives of HRM are usually grouped under four heads, arranged from the broadest (society) down to the most individual (the employee):
Scope of HRM
The scope of HRM is very wide, covering almost every aspect of managing people from the day they join an organisation to the day they leave it. The main areas covered are:
Importance of HRM
HRM matters because, ultimately, no organisation can achieve its goals without the right people, motivated and managed well. Its importance can be seen at several levels:
Functions of HRM
The functions of HRM are traditionally grouped into two broad categories — managerial functions (the same four/five functions every manager performs, applied specifically to the human resource) and op…
HRM vs Personnel Management
Although the terms Human Resource Management and Personnel Management are sometimes used loosely as if interchangeable, they represent two different approaches to managing people at work, with Personn…
Exercises
+−Show 10 questionsHide questions10 questions
- Q1Define Human Resource Management (HRM).Free
- Q2Explain any four features of HRM.Free
- Q3"HRM is said to be both an art and a science." Explain this statement.Free
- Q4Explain the objectives of HRM.Preview
- Q5Explain the scope of HRM.Preview
- Q6Explain the importance of HRM to an organisation.Preview
- Q7Explain the managerial functions of HRM.Preview
- Q8Briefly explain the operative functions of HRM.Preview
- Q9Distinguish between Human Resource Management and Personnel Management. Explain any four points of difference.Preview
- Q10"HRM is a pervasive function." Explain what this means, and how it relates to the idea that HRM is "part of every manager's job."Preview
Sample & Board Papers
Sample papers and previous-year board questions for this subject.
+−Show 9 questionsHide questions9 questions
- Q1Assertion (A) : Human Resource Management is an intangible function. Reason (R) : This can be measured only by Results. (a) (A) is correct b…Preview
- Q2Human Resource Management is both ______. (a) Theory and Practice (b) History and Geography (c) Science and Art (d) None of the abovePreview
- Q3Explain any two features of Human Resource Management.Preview
- Q4Human Resource is a ______ asset. (a) Fixed (b) Tangible (c) Current (d) IntangiblePreview
- Q5Write any three characteristics of Human Resources.Preview
- Q6(a) Discuss the operative functions of HRM. OR (b) Distinguish between New Issue Market and Secondary Market. (any 5)Preview
- Q7What is Human Resource Management ?Preview
- Q8(a) Explain the characteristics of Human Resource. (Any five) OR (b) Who are the Key Managerial Personnel (KMP) of a company ?Preview
- Q9(a) Describe the operative functions of HRM. OR (b) Discuss the challenges faced by Women entrepreneur. (any 5)Preview