Chemistry · Ch 12 — Carbonyl Compounds and Carboxylic Acids
Nomenclature of Acid Derivatives
Nomenclature of Acid Derivatives
Each of the four derivative classes carries its own IUPAC suffix, built the same way as the parent acid's own '-oic acid' suffix (Section 12.8): an acid chloride's '-oic acid' becomes '-oyl chloride' (acetyl chloride, IUPAC ethanoyl chloride); an anhydride's becomes '-oic anhydride' (acetic anhydride, IUPAC ethanoic anhydride); an ester is named as 'alkyl -oate', citing the alcohol-derived alkyl group first (methyl acetate, IUPAC methyl ethanoate); …
| Class | Compound (common name) | Structural formula | IUPAC name |
|---|---|---|
| Acid chloride | Acetyl chloride | CH3COCl | Ethanoyl chloride |
| Acid chloride | Propionyl chloride | C2H5COCl | Propanoyl chloride |
| Acid chloride | Benzoyl chloride | C6H5COCl | Benzoyl chloride |
| Anhydride | Acetic anhydride | (CH3CO)2O | Ethanoic anhydride |
| Anhydride | Propionic anhydride | (C2H5CO)2O | Propanoic anhydride |
| Anhydride | Benzoic anhydride | (C6H5CO)2O | Benzoic anhydride |
| Ester | Methyl acetate | CH3COOCH3 | Methyl ethanoate |
| Ester | Ethyl acetate | CH3COOC2H5 | Ethyl ethanoate |
| Ester | Phenyl acetate | CH3COOC6H5 | Phenyl ethanoate | …