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Exercise 3.3 · Q5

Q.Find all zeros of the polynomial x6−3x5−5x4+22x3−39x2−39x+135x^6-3x^5-5x^4+22x^3-39x^2-39x+135, if it is known that 1+2i1+2i and 3\sqrt3 are two of its zeros.

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Step 1. Identify the automatic extra roots. Since coefficients are real, 1+2i1+2i a root forces 1−2i1-2i a root too; since coefficients are rational, 3\sqrt3 a root forces −3-\sqrt3 a root too.

Step 2. Build the two quadratic factors. (x−(1+2i))(x−(1−2i))=(x−1)2+4=x2−2x+5(x-(1+2i))(x-(1-2i))=(x-1)^2+4=x^2-2x+5. (x−3)(x+3)=x2−3(x-\sqrt3)(x+\sqrt3)=x^2-3.

Step 3. Multiply them into one quartic factor. (x2−2x+5)(x2−3)=x4−2x3+2x2+6x−15(x^2-2x+5)(x^2-3)=x^4-2x^3+2x^2+6x-15.

Step 4. Divide the given sextic by this quartic. x6−3x5−5x4+22x3−39x2−39x+135÷(x4−2x3+2x2+6x−15)x^6-3x^5-5x^4+22x^3-39x^2-39x+135 \div (x^4-2x^3+2x^2+6x-15) gives quotient x2−x−9x^2-x-9 with remainder 00 (verified by direct expansion, matching term by term).

Step 5. Solve the remaining quadratic. x2−x−9=0  ⟹  x=1±1+362=1±372x^2-x-9=0 \implies x=\dfrac{1\pm\sqrt{1+36}}2=\dfrac{1\pm\sqrt{37}}2. …

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