Thermoelectric Effect

Thermoelectric effect is the general name for the reversible, two-way conversion between a temperature difference and an electrical voltage: a thermoelectric device generates a voltage across itself when a temperature difference is maintained between its two sides, and conversely, if a voltage (and hence a current) is instead applied to such a device, it generates a temperature difference between its two sides. Three distinct, historically named manifestations of this general idea -- the Seebeck effect, the Peltier …