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Physics · Ch 9 — Semiconductor Electronics

De Morgan's Second Theorem

9.7.2

De Morgan's Second Theorem

The second theorem states: the complement of the PRODUCT of two logical inputs equals the SUM of their individual complements, A⋅B‾=A‾+B‾\overline{A\cdot B}=\overline{A}+\overline{B}. Just as with the first theorem, this is proved by direct truth-table comparison -- computing A⋅B‾\overline{A\cdot B} and A‾+B‾\overline{A}+\overline{B} independently for all four combinations of A and B gives identical output columns in every row. Since the left side, A⋅B‾\overline{A\cdot B}, is exactly the Boolean equation of a NAND gate, and the right side, A‾+B‾\overline{A}+\overline{B}, is an OR gate whose TWO INPUTS are each first individually inverted (a 'bubbled OR' gate), the theorem also says a NAND gate is functionally identical to a bubbled OR gate. …

Figure 9.48NAND gate equals a bubbled OR gate

What this figure shows. A logic-circuit diagram shows inputs A and B each passed first through their own individual NOT gate (producing A‾\overline{A} and B‾\overline{B}), and these two inverted signals then feeding into a plain OR gate to give the final output Y -- this 'bubbled OR' arrangement is drawn alongside (or in place of) a single NAND gate symbol to make visually explicit that Y=A‾+B‾=A⋅B‾Y=\overline{A}+\overline{B}=\overline{A\cdot B}, i.e. the two cir …