Q.Differentiate tubectomy and vasectomy.

Vasectomy is male sterilisation by cutting/tying the vas deferens; tubectomy is female sterilisation by cutting/tying the fallopian tube — both permanently block gamete transport to prevent fertilisation.

Both procedures fall under the terminal (permanent) methods of contraception known as sterilisation. In vasectomy, a small incision is made in the scrotum and a small part of each vas deferens — the tube that carries sperm from the epididymis towards the urethra — is cut and the ends ligated or sealed. This prevents sperm from being included in the ejaculated semen, so fertilisation cannot occur, while testosterone production, libido and the ejaculatory process itself remain normal. In tubectomy, a small incision is made in the female's abdomen (or through the vagina) and a small part of each fallopian tube (oviduct) is cut and the ends ligated, which blocks the passage of the ovum from the ovary towards the uterus and prevents sperm from reaching the ovum, so fertilisation cannot take place; ovulation and the menstrual c …