Q.State and explain Gause's competitive exclusion principle.
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →Gause's competitive exclusion principle explains that when two species have identical ecological requirements (an identical niche), one will outcompete and eventually eliminate the other from that habitat, so they cannot coexist long-term.
Gause's Competitive Exclusion Principle, formulated by the Russian ecologist G. F. Gause based on laboratory experiments with Paramecium species, states that two closely related species competing for the exact same limiting resource(s) — i.e. occupying the same ecological niche — cannot co-exist indefinitely in the same habitat. The species that is even marginally more efficient at exploiting the shared resource will, over time, outcompete and locally eliminate (exclude) the other, because coexistence is not possible when the ecological requirements are identical and the resource is limiting.
Gause demonstrated this experimentally by growing two species of Paramecium (P. aurelia and P. caudatum) together in a culture: when grown separately, both species flourished, but when grown together in the same culture (competing for the same bacterial food source), P. aurelia consistently outcompeted and eliminated P. caudatum.
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