Q.Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (3,8), (−4,2) and (5,1).
Concept understanding — Area Of Triangle By Coordinates
Area of a Triangle from Coordinates
Given three vertices — say A(2,3), B(7,5), C(4,8) — you could try base × height, but a slanted triangle makes the height awkward to find. Coordinates give the area directly and exactly, because area is fundamentally a determinant.
Area=21∣x1(y2−y3)+x2(y3−y1)+x3(y1−y2)∣
Here (x1,y1),(x2,y2),(x3,y3) are the vertices in any order, and the absolute value keeps the area positive.
Where it comes from
The expression inside the bars is the 3×3 determinant
x1x2x3y1y2y3111,
whose expansion is exactly x1(y2−y3)+x2(y3−y1)+x3(y1−y2). A 2×2 determinant gives the area of the parallelogram spanned by two sides, and a triangle is half of it — which is where the 21 comes from. The column of 1's lets the triangle sit anywhere, not just at the origin.
Using it
For A(2,3), B(7,5), C(4,8):
Area=21∣2(5−8)+7(8−3)+4(3−5)∣=21∣−6+35−8∣=221=10.5 sq units.
Watch out
Keep the absolute value — area is never negative — and never drop the 21. Note the cyclic pattern: each xi multiplies the difference of the other two y's, so writing the points in order avoids sign slips.
Collinearity test: if the three points lie on one line, the area comes out 0. Try (1,2),(3,4),(5,6) — you get 0. The same idea extends to any polygon (the shoelace formula).
This determinant-based technique for the area of a triangle is a recurring theme in the NCERT Class 11 Straight Lines and Class 12 Determinants chapters, and is frequently tested as a standalone 'area of triangle by coordinates' short-answer question in CBSE boards and JEE Main. Students searching 'area of triangle formula class 11 maths' or looking for a quick collinearity check will find this determinant form is exactly what most important-questions lists point to.
Concept: Area of Triangle by Coordinates — the area is half the absolute value of the determinant formed by the coordinates.
Step 1: Use the formula
Area=21∣x1(y2−y3)+x2(y3−y1)+x3(y1−y2)∣
Step 2: Substitute (x1,y1)=(3,8), (x2,y2)=(−4,2), (x3,y3)=(5,1):
=21∣3(2−1)+(−4)(1−8)+5(8−2)∣
Step 3: Simplify inside:
=21∣3(1)+(−4)(−7)+5(6)∣=21∣3+28+30∣=21×61
The area is 30.5 square units.
Using the coordinate area formula, the triangle with vertices (3,8),(−4,2),(5,1) has area 261 square units.
Formula.
Area=21∣x1(y2−y3)+x2(y3−y1)+x3(y1−y2)∣.
Substitute (x1,y1)=(3,8), (x2,y2)=(−4,2), (x3,y3)=(5,1):
=21∣3(2−1)+(−4)(1−8)+5(8−2)∣=21∣3+28+30∣=21(61)=261.
Check (vectors from A(3,8)). AB=(−7,−6), AC=(2,−7):
Area=21∣(−7)(−7)−(−6)(2)∣=21∣49+12∣=261.
The area of the triangle is 261=30.5 square units.
Method: Area of a Triangle from Three Coordinate Points
This method finds the area of any triangle directly from its vertices' coordinates, without needing to find a base and height geometrically.
Steps
Step 1: Label the three vertices in order
Assign (x1,y1),(x2,y2),(x3,y3) to the three given points, in any consistent order (the formula works regardless of the order chosen, up to an overall sign that the absolute value removes).
Step 2: Apply the coordinate area formula
Area=21∣x1(y2−y3)+x2(y3−y1)+x3(y1−y2)∣
Notice the cyclic pattern: each xi multiplies the difference of the other two y-coordinates.
Step 3: Substitute and compute each bracket term
Work out (y2−y3), (y3−y1), (y1−y2) first as plain numbers, then multiply each by its corresponding xi.
Step 4: Sum the three terms, take the absolute value, then halve
Add the three products (watch negative signs carefully), take the absolute value of that sum (area is never negative), then multiply by 21.
Step 5: Sanity-check with the collinearity case
If the computed area comes out 0, the three points are collinear, not a valid triangle — worth a quick mental check if the numbers look suspicious.
This coordinate formula is exact and works for any triangle orientation — never fall back to base-and-height geometry when coordinates are given directly.
Common Mistakes
Mistake 1: Forgetting the absolute value and reporting a negative area
Why it's wrong: the raw expression x1(y2−y3)+x2(y3−y1)+x3(y1−y2) can come out negative depending on the order the vertices are listed in — area itself can never be negative, so submitting a negative number as "the area" is a defect, not just a sign quirk. Correct approach: always take the absolute value of the bracketed sum before multiplying by 21.
Mistake 2: Dropping the factor of 21
Why it's wrong: the expression inside the absolute value bars is the area of a parallelogram (twice the triangle), not the triangle itself — forgetting to halve it doubles the final answer. Correct approach: always apply the 21 as the very last step, after taking the absolute value.
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