Q.Briefly explain

1. Air pollution — a lowering of air quality caused mainly by carbon monoxide emitted by automobiles, plus smoke and chemicals from manufacturing plants; it has caused a hole in the ozone layer and dangerous warming of the earth.
2. Water pollution — caused primarily by chemical and waste dumping into rivers, streams and lakes, leading to the death of animals and a serious threat to human life. …

Background

• Waste is generated by all sectors of society, but industry is the major generator of waste in both quantity and toxicity. Business activities — production, distribution, transport, storage and consumption — are among the most critical sources of pollution. Enterprises have been responsible for four kinds of pollution: air, water, land and noise.

(a) Air pollution

• Results from a combination of factors that lower the quality of air.
• Its main causes are carbon monoxide emitted by automobiles, together with smoke and other chemicals from manufacturing plants.
• Its consequences are severe: the resulting air pollution has created a hole in the ozone layer, leading to a dangerous warming of the earth.

(b) Water pollution

• Caused primarily by chemical and waste dumping.
• For years, enterprises have dumped waste into rivers, streams and lakes with little regard for the consequences.
• This has led to the death of many animals and poses a serious threat to human life.

(c) Land pollution

• Caused by dumping toxic wastes on land. …