Q.Explore and list down two font names for typing in any three Indian languages in UNICODE.

Why We Need More Than ASCII

Imagine you're writing a letter to a friend in Japan. Your keyboard has English letters, numbers, and a few symbols — that's ASCII, the old standard that covers 128 characters. But your friend's name might use kanji, hiragana, or katakana. How do you type those? You can't. ASCII simply doesn't have them.

This was the real problem before Unicode. Different countries invented their own encodings — Japan had Shift-JIS, China had GB2312, India had ISCII. If you received a file from another country, your computer would try to read it using your local encoding and produce gibberish. A single document couldn't mix English, Hindi, and Arabic text without breaking.

The Core Idea of Unicode

Unicode solves this by giving every character from every writing system a unique number. No overlap, no confusion. The letter 'A' is always U+0041. The Devanagari letter क is always U+0915. The Arabic letter ب is always U+0628. These numbers are called code points.

The Three Big Benefits

1. Universal Coverage

Unicode currently defines over 149,000 characters covering 161 scripts — from Latin and Cyrillic to Egyptian hieroglyphs and emoji. One standard, one table. You can write a single document that contains English, Hindi, Chinese, and mathematical symbols, all correctly represented.

2. No More Encoding Conflicts

Before Unicode, a file had to declare "I am in Shift-JIS" or "I am in ISO-8859-1". If the declaration was missing or wrong, the text became garbage. With Unicode, the code point is the same everywhere. A file encoded in UTF-8 (the most common Unicode encoding) can be read correctly on any system that supports UTF-8 — which is virtually every modern system.

3. Backward Compatibility with ASCII

The first 128 Unicode code points (U+0000 to U+007F) are identical to ASCII. This means any ASCII text is automatically valid UTF-8. No conversion needed. This was a deliberate design choice to make adoption painless.

How It Actually Works in Practice

You don't store the code point directly as a 4-byte number — that would waste space for English text. Instead, Unicode defines several encoding forms: