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Activities · Activity 11.3

Q.Supose someone's email password is ‘tecnnology’ which is weak. Can you suggest a stronger password?

Sikkim CbseNCERTSubjective· 2mImportance★★★★★est
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"tecnnology" is weak because it is one short, all-lowercase, dictionary-style word; a strong replacement mixes upper/lowercase letters, digits and symbols over 12+ characters — e.g. the illustrative "Tec#n0Logy@27" or a random passphrase.

Why "tecnnology" is weak. Password-cracking tools try dictionary words (and their common misspellings) first, then simple brute force. "tecnnology" is:

  • all lowercase — only 26 symbols per position,
  • essentially the dictionary word technology (a one-letter misspelling does not fool a cracker),
  • without any digit, capital letter or special character,
  • possibly reused across accounts (a common habit that multiplies the damage of one leak).

Rules for a strong password

  1. Length first: at least 8 characters; 12 or more is much safer — each extra character multiplies the cracking time enormously.
  2. Character variety: combine UPPERCASE, lowercase, digits and special symbols (#, @, !, %).
  3. No dictionary words or personal data: avoid names, birthdays, phone numbers, "password123" patterns.
  4. Unique per account: never reuse one password everywhere.
  5. Keep it memorable to you but unpredictable to others — a passphrase of unrelated words with substitutions works well.

Worked example (illustration only). Start from the same word so it stays memorable, then strengthen step by step:

Step 0: tecnnology            (weak: lowercase dictionary-like word)
Step 1: Tecnnology            (add a capital)
Step 2: Tecn0logy             (substitute digit 0 for o)
Step 3: Tec#n0Logy            (insert symbols + a second capital)
Step 4: Tec#n0Logy@27         (extend length with symbol + digits)
``` …

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