Q.A csv file "P_record.csv" contains the records of patients in a hospital. Each record of the file contains the following data : - Name of a patient - Disease - Number of days patient is admitted - Amount For example, a sample record of the file may be : ["Gunjan","Jaundice",4,15000] Write the following Python functions to perform the specified operations on this file :

Concept: CSV file handling in Python using the csv module for reading structured data and filtering/counting records.

The task requires two functions: one to filter and display records where the disease is "Cancer", and another to count total records. We use csv.reader() to parse the CSV file row by row.

Step 1 (read_data): Open the file in read mode, create a CSV reader object, and iterate through each row. Check if the disease field (index 1) equals "Cancer"; if so, print or display that record.

Step 2 (count_rec): Open the file, create a CSV reader, and use a counter or convert the reader to a list to count the number of rows (records).

Step 3: Handle the file properly using with statements to ensure it closes automatically, and format the output clearly for exam presentation.

import csv

def read_data():
    with open("P_record.csv", "r") as file:
        reader = csv.reader(file)
        print("Details of Cancer patients:")
        for row in reader:
            if row[1] == "Cancer": …

The problem tests your ability to work with CSV files in Python—a fundamental skill for handling tabular data. CSV (Comma-Separated Values) files store records where each line is a row and commas separate the fields. Python's csv module provides a clean interface to read such files row by row.

The first function needs to open the file, iterate through each record, check if the disease field matches 'Cancer', and display those records. The second function simply counts how many records exist by iterating through all rows. Both operations require opening the file in read mode and using a CSV reader object.

Solution

1. Import the necessary module

We need Python's built-in csv module to handle CSV file operations:

import csv

2. Function (i): read_data() to display Cancer patients

This function opens "P_record.csv", reads each record, and displays only those where the disease is 'Cancer'. Each record is a list with four elements: [Name, Disease, Days, Amount], so we check record[1] (the disease field).

def read_data():
    with open("P_record.csv", "r") as file:
        reader = csv.reader(file)
        print("Details of Cancer patients:")
        print("-" * 60)
        for record in reader:
            if record[1] == "Cancer":
                print(f"Name: {record[0]}, Disease: {record[1]}, Days: {record[2]}, Amount: {record[3]}")

The with statement ensures the file closes automatically. We use csv.reader(file) which returns an iterator yielding each row as a list. The condition record[1] == "Cancer" filters for the disease field.

3. Function (ii): count_rec() to count total records

This function reads through the entire file and counts how many records exist. We initialize a counter to zero and increment it for each row:

def count_rec():
    with open("P_record.csv", "r") as file:
        reader = csv.reader(file)
        count = 0
        for record in reader:
            count += 1
        return count

Each iteration of the loop represents one record, so the final value of count gives the total number of records.

4. Alternative approach for counting (more Pythonic)

You can count records more concisely using sum() with a generator expression:

def count_rec():
    with open("P_record.csv", "r") as file: …