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Economics · Class 11 Commerce

Ch 9Development Experiences in India — Class 11 Economics, concept-first.

When people talk about a country "doing well" economically, they often mean two quite different things without realising it. Sometimes they mean that the country is producing more goods and services than before — its factories are running harder, its farms are yielding more, its national income figures are rising.

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Key concepts

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Economic Growth vs Economic Development

Economic growth is a purely quantitative measure — the sustained increase in an economy's output of goods and services, usually tracked through the growth rate of GDP or per-capita income.

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Chapter contents

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1

Growth Versus Development

When people talk about a country "doing well" economically, they often mean two quite different things without realising it.

2

Why the Distinction Matters

It is entirely possible for an economy to grow rapidly while development lags behind. Consider a hypothetical country where a mining or oil sector expands very fast, pushing up national output substan…

3

Measuring Development: The Human Development Index

Because income alone fails to capture whether people's lives are actually improving, development economists have long searched for composite measures that combine income with other dimensions of well-…

4

Poverty: Concept and Measurement

Poverty is one of the most persistent challenges facing a developing economy, and economists distinguish between two related but distinct notions of poverty.

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Causes of Poverty in India

Poverty in a developing economy like India is rarely the result of a single cause; it typically arises from a combination of demographic, economic and social factors reinforcing one another.

6

Government Strategies for Poverty Alleviation

Government efforts to reduce poverty in India can broadly be grouped into two kinds of strategies, which are best understood as complementary rather than as alternatives.

7

Unemployment: Meaning and Types

Unemployment exists when a person who is willing and able to work, and is actively seeking work, is unable to find suitable employment.

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The Growth-versus-Equity Debate in Development Strategy

A recurring debate in development planning concerns how much emphasis a country's overall strategy should place on maximising the rate of growth versus ensuring that the benefits of growth are distrib…

Exercises

+Show 12 questions12 questions
  1. Q1Distinguish between economic growth and economic development.Free
  2. Q2What are the three dimensions used to construct the Human Development Index (HDI)?Free
  3. Q3What was the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI), and how is it related to the HDI?Free
  4. Q4Distinguish between absolute poverty and relative poverty.Preview
  5. Q5Explain, in general terms, the method used to construct an absolute poverty line.Preview
  6. Q6Explain any four causes of poverty in India.Preview
  7. Q7Distinguish between growth-mediated and direct poverty-alleviation strategies used by government.Preview
  8. Q8What is disguised unemployment? Give an example.Preview
  9. Q9Distinguish between seasonal unemployment and structural unemployment, with an example of each.Preview
  10. Q10Why has cyclical unemployment historically been considered less significant in India compared to industrialised economies?Preview
  11. Q11Explain the growth-first versus equity-first debate in development strategy.Preview
  12. Q12"A country can have a high rate of economic growth and still have widespread poverty." Explain how this is possible.Preview

Sample & Board Papers

Sample papers and previous-year board questions for this subject.

+Show 13 questions13 questions
  1. Q1Give a short note on Sen's 'Choice of Technique'.Preview
  2. Q2Define PQLI.Preview
  3. Q3Name any three Poverty Eradication Schemes with year of launching.Preview
  4. Q4What are the indicators of Human Development Index ?Preview
  5. Q5Write about National Rural Health Mission.Preview
  6. Q6Explain about DMP model.Preview
  7. Q7Amartya Kumar Sen received the Nobel Prize in Economics in the year : (a) 2008 (b) 1998 (c) 2010 (d) 2000Preview
  8. Q8What is the difference between HDI and PQLI ?Preview
  9. Q9How do you term people employed in excess of the requirements ? (a) Full employment (b) Unemployment (c) Self-employment (d) Under employmen…Preview
  10. Q10Economic growth of a country is measured by national income indicated by ..... (a) GNP (b) GDP (c) NNP (d) Per capita incomePreview
  11. Q11The PQLI was developed by ______ (a) Planning Commission (b) Nehru (c) Morris (d) BiswajeetPreview
  12. Q12Write the meaning of Economic Growth.Preview
  13. Q13What is the difference between HDI and PQLI?Preview