Newman Projection Formula

The Newman projection takes a different vantage point again: it looks straight down the carbon-carbon bond axis itself, end-on, so the two bonded carbons visually overlap. The front carbon (nearer the viewer) is drawn as a single point at the centre of a circle, and its three other bonds radiate directly out from that central point. The back carbon (further from the viewer, hidden directly behind the front one) is represented by the circle itself, and its three other bonds are drawn starting from the circle's circumference, conventionally spaced 120 degrees apart from each other. This view is specifically built to make it easy to see and compare the ROTATIONAL relationship (the dihedral angle) between the front carbon's subst …