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Question 99 of 113

Q.Show that the points whose position vectors 4i^+5j^+k^4\hat i + 5\hat j + \hat k, −j^−k^-\hat j - \hat k, 3i^+9j^+4k^3\hat i + 9\hat j + 4\hat k and −4i^+4j^+4k^-4\hat i + 4\hat j + 4\hat k are coplanar. OR In how many ways can 4 mathematics books, 3 physics books, 2 chemistry books and 1 biology book be arranged on a shelf so that all books of the same subjects are together?

Tamil Nadu DgeTamil Nadu HSC First Year (DGE) Board 2023Subjective· 5mImportance★★★★★
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Taking one point as a base and forming three vectors to the other three points, their scalar triple product works out to exactly 0, proving coplanarity.

Let the four points be A=(4,5,1)A=(4,5,1), B=(0,−1,−1)B=(0,-1,-1), C=(3,9,4)C=(3,9,4), D=(−4,4,4)D=(-4,4,4) (reading off the coefficients of i^,j^,k^\hat i,\hat j,\hat k).

Form vectors from AA:

AB→=(−4,−6,−2),AC→=(−1,4,3),AD→=(−8,−1,3)\overrightarrow{AB}=(-4,-6,-2),\quad \overrightarrow{AC}=(-1,4,3),\quad \overrightarrow{AD}=(-8,-1,3)

The four points are coplanar iff AB→⋅(AC→×AD→)=0\overrightarrow{AB}\cdot(\overrightarrow{AC}\times\overrightarrow{AD})=0.

First compute AC→×AD→\overrightarrow{AC}\times\overrightarrow{AD}:

∣i^j^k^−143−8−13∣=i^(4⋅3−3⋅(−1))−j^((−1)⋅3−3⋅(−8))+k^((−1)⋅(−1)−4⋅(−8))\begin{vmatrix}\hat i&\hat j&\hat k\\-1&4&3\\-8&-1&3\end{vmatrix} = \hat i(4\cdot3-3\cdot(-1)) - \hat j((-1)\cdot3-3\cdot(-8)) + \hat k((-1)\cdot(-1)-4\cdot(-8))

=i^(12+3)−j^(−3+24)+k^(1+32)=15i^−21j^+33k^= \hat i(12+3) - \hat j(-3+24) + \hat k(1+32) = 15\hat i-21\hat j+33\hat k

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