Q.What is meant by 'goods' under the Sale of Goods Act? Explain the classification of goods.
Meaning of Goods: every kind of movable property other than actionable claims (like a debt) and money, including stock and shares, growing crops, grass, and things attached to or forming part of the land agreed to be severed before sale or under the contract.
Classification:
(A) Existing Goods — owned or possessed by the seller at the time of contract:
- Specific goods — identified and agreed upon when the contract is made.
- Ascertained goods — originally part of an unidentified lot, but specifically identified/set apart after the contract.
- Unascertained goods — described only generally, not yet identified or set apart.
(B) Future Goods — goods the seller does not yet own or possess, to be manufactured, produced, or acquired after the contract is made; a contract for future goods always operates only as an agreement to sell, since ownership cannot be transferred in something not yet in existence. Contingent goods are a special case of future goods, whose acquisition depends on an uncertain event.
Goods is every kind of movable property except actionable claims and money. Goods are classified as existing goods (specific, ascertained, or unascertained) and future goods (not yet manufactured/acquired by the seller, so any sale of them is only an agreement to sell).
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