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Exercises · Q13

Q.Briefly explain the relevance of the IMF, World Bank, and WTO to the Indian economy, giving one example of India's engagement with each.

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IMF: India, a founding member, drew on IMF financial assistance most notably during the 1991 balance-of-payments crisis, when a sharp foreign-exchange shortage led India to seek IMF support alongside a programme of domestic economic reforms (trade liberalisation, exchange-rate adjustment, and industrial-policy reform) — a turning point often cited in India's economic history.

World Bank: the World Bank Group has financed a wide range of Indian projects over decades, spanning infrastructure, rural development, education, and health, while its IFC affiliate has separately invested in private Indian enterprises — supporting long-term capacity building distinct from the IMF's crisis-response role.

WTO: India's tariff bindings, its rights and obligations on agricultural and industrial trade, and its access to a rules-based dispute-settlement process are all governed within the WTO framework — India has both brought disputes against other members and defended disputes brought against it at the WTO, using the organisation's structured process rather than unilateral trade retaliation. …

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