Q.Desired improved variety of economically useful crops are raised by

A cross between plants of the same variety is termed an intravarietal cross.

In plant breeding, hybridisation crosses are classified by how closely related the parent plants are. An intravarietal cross is made between two plants that belong to the same variety of a crop but differ in one or a few characters, and is typically used within pure-line or pedigree breeding programmes to combine or fix specific traits without introducing broader genetic variation from outside the variety. This is distinct from an interspecific cross, made between two different species (usually of the same genus), which is used to transfer a desirable gene (such as disease resistance) from a wild or related species into a cultivated one; from an intergeneric cross, made between plants of two entirely different genera (a more distant, often more difficul …

Triticale is the first man-made cereal crop.

Triticale was produced by crossing wheat (Triticum, a good grain-yielding but disease-susceptible genus) with rye (Secale, a hardy, disease-resistant but poor-yielding genus), and then doubling the chromosome number of the sterile F1 hybrid (using colchicine) to restore fertility. The resulting amphidiploid combines the high yield and grain quality of wheat with the hardiness …