SUMMARY

A consolidated recap of the unit: the Arrhenius, Lowry-Bronsted and Lewis definitions of acids and bases (proton donor/acceptor, then electron-pair acceptor/donor); the ionic product of water $K_w=[H_3O^+][OH^-]$; the pH definition $pH=-\log_{10}[H_3O^+]$; Ostwald's dilution law (dissociation of a weak electrolyte rises with dilution); the common ion effect; buffers (weak acid/its salt or weak base/its salt) and the buffer index $\beta=dB/d(pH)$; the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for acidic and basic buffers; the hydrolysis-constant relations and pH formulas for salts of strong-base/weak-acid, strong-acid/weak-base, and weak-acid/weak-base; and the solubi …