Q.Program 10-1: This is a program to create a nested tuple to store roll number, name and marks of students

Tuple Manipulation

Think of a tuple as a sealed envelope. You can put things inside it — numbers, strings, even other envelopes — but once you seal it, you cannot change what's inside. You can, however, take the envelope, combine it with other envelopes, cut it open to peek at its contents, or make a copy with slight changes. That's tuple manipulation: everything you can do with a tuple without altering the original.

What Is a Tuple?

A tuple is an ordered, immutable collection of items. In Python, you write it with parentheses:

point = (3, 5)
colors = ("red", "green", "blue")
mixed = (1, "hello", 3.14)

The word immutable is the key. Once created, you cannot add, remove, or replace an element. This is not a limitation — it's a guarantee. When you pass a tuple to a function, you know it will not be changed behind your back.

What Can You Do?

Accessing Elements

You use square brackets with an index, just like with lists:

point = (3, 5)
print(point[0])   # 3
print(point[-1])  # 5 (last element)

Slicing

You can extract a portion of a tuple, which gives you a new tuple:

t = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
print(t[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)

The original t remains untouched.

Concatenation and Repetition

You can join tuples with + and repeat them with *:

a = (1, 2)
b = (3, 4)
c = a + b        # (1, 2, 3, 4)
d = a * 3        # (1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2)

Each operation creates a brand-new tuple.

Membership and Length

t = (5, 10, 15)
print(10 in t)   # True
print(len(t))    # 3

Counting and Indexing

t = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)
print(t.count(2))   # 3
print(t.index(3))   # 3 (first occurrence)

Unpacking

This is where tuples shine. You can assign each element to a variable in one line:

point = (4, 7)
x, y = point
print(x)   # 4
print(y)   # 7

You can even swap two variables without a temporary variable:

a, b = b, a

Behind the scenes, Python packs b, a into a tuple and then unpacks it into a, b.

Nested Tuples

A tuple can contain other tuples. Access them with multiple indices:

matrix = ((1, 2), (3, 4))
print(matrix[0][1])   # 2

What You Cannot Do

These will raise an error:

t = (1, 2, 3)
t[0] = 10        # TypeError
t.append(4)      # AttributeError
t.remove(2)      # AttributeError
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