Sanjeevani is a big group of educational institutions with its head office in Hyderabad. It is planning to set

Question 34 of 50

Q. Sanjeevani is a big group of educational institutions with its head office in Hyderabad. It is planning to set up a new University in Amritsar. The Amritsar University Campus will have four blocks/buildings - ADMIN, ACADEMIC, HOSTEL, SPORTS. You, as a network expert, need to suggest the best network-related solutions for them to resolve the issues/problems mentioned in points

(i) to (v), keeping in mind the distances between various blocks / buildings and other given parameters. Block to Block distances (in Mtrs.) FROM TO DISTANCE ADMIN ACADEMIC 60 M ADMIN HOSTEL 160 M ADMIN SPORTS 80 M ACADEMIC HOSTEL 40 M ACADEMIC SPORTS 120 M HOSTEL SPORTS 150 M Distance of Hyderabad Head Office from Amritsar University Campus = 2000 km. Number of computers in each block is as follows : ADMIN 25 ACADEMIC 600 HOSTEL 120 SPORTS 50

(i) Suggest the most appropriate location of the server inside the Amritsar University Campus. Justify your choice.

(ii) Draw the cable layout to efficiently connect various blocks within the Amritsar University Campus.

(iii) Name any two wired media that can be used to connect various computers of a block inside Amritsar Campus.

(iv) For the academic purpose, the University will provide its own 24 x 7 FM channel within the University Campus. Which communication medium, out of the following, is used by FM ? (A) Radio Waves (B) Micro Waves (C) Infrared Waves

(v)

(a) The students will be attending a lot of online academic sessions and workshops. These will involve audio-visual communication. Write the full name of the protocol which will be used for such a communication through the internet.

(OR)

(b) Where should a repeater be installed in Amritsar University campus to boost the signal between blocks ? Justify your answer.

Tripura TbseCBSE Class XII Board 2026Subjective· 5mImportance★★★★★

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Part (a)Concept understanding — Network Fundamentals

Network Fundamentals

Think about how you send a message to a friend. You need a way to reach them — a phone call, a text, an email, a letter. Now imagine doing that not just with one friend, but with millions of people across the world, instantly. That is what a computer network does: it connects devices so they can share information and resources.

At its simplest, a network is two or more computers linked together. The link can be a physical wire, like the cable that connects your home router to the wall, or it can be wireless, like the Wi-Fi signals that travel through the air. The purpose is always the same — communication.

What Makes a Network Work

Every network has three essential ingredients. First, there are the devices themselves — computers, smartphones, printers, servers. Second, there is the transmission medium — the physical path the data travels on, such as copper wire, fibre optic cable, or radio waves. Third, there are the rules — called protocols — that govern how data is sent, received, and understood.

Without protocols, devices would speak different languages. The most important protocol family is TCP/IP, which is the foundation of the internet. It ensures that a message sent from a laptop in Mumbai can be correctly read by a server in New York, even though the two machines are completely different.

Important

A network is not just about hardware. It is a system of shared rules and shared resources. The value of a network grows as more devices join it — this is called the network effect.

Types of Networks by Size

Networks are classified by how far they stretch. A LAN (Local Area Network) covers a small area — one office, one building, one home. Your home Wi-Fi network is a LAN. A WAN (Wide Area Network) covers a large geographical area, often connecting multiple LANs across cities or countries. The internet itself is the largest WAN in existence.

Between these two extremes, you have MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), which covers a city, and PAN (Personal Area Network), which connects devices around a single person — your phone connected to your wireless earphones is a PAN.

How Devices Are Arranged: Network Topologies

The physical layout of a network matters. In a star topology, all devices connect to a central hub or switch. If one cable fails, only that device is affected, but if the central hub fails, the entire network goes down. This is the most common setup in homes and offices.

In a bus topology, all devices share a single cable. It is cheap but fragile — a break in the main cable brings everything to a halt. In a ring topology, each device connects to two others, forming a closed loop. Data travels in one direction, so a single break can disrupt the whole ring unless there is a backup path.

A mesh topology connects every device to every other device. It is extremely reliable — if one path fails, data can take another — but it is expensive and complex to wire. The internet uses a partial mesh: critical servers are multiply connected, but your home computer is not.

Note

In practice, most real-world networks are hybrids. A company might use a star layout inside each department and connect those stars in a ring across the building. …

Part (b)Concept understanding — Network Fundamentals

Network Fundamentals

What Makes a Network Work

Important

A network is not just about hardware. It is a system of shared rules and shared resources. The value of a network grows as more devices join it — this is called the network effect.

Types of Networks by Size

How Devices Are Arranged: Network Topologies

Note

In practice, most real-world networks are hybrids. A company might use a star layout inside each department and connect those stars in a ring across the building. …

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Part (a): Server in ACADEMIC (600 computers, central); star layout centred on ACADEMIC; twisted-pair + optical-fibre inside blocks; FM = Radio Waves (A); audio-visual sessions use VoIP.

Part (b): Put a repeater on the ACADEMIC-SPORTS cable (120 m > ~100 m twisted-pair limit).

Part (a)

The Amritsar campus has four blocks: ADMIN (25 computers), ACADEMIC (600), HOSTEL (120), SPORTS (50); the Hyderabad head office is 2000 km away.

Server location. The server belongs in the block with the most computers and best central connectivity — ACADEMIC, with 600 computers (dwarfing the others) and short links to ADMIN (60 m) and HOSTEL (40 m). This puts the server where traffic is heaviest and keeps total cable length low.
Cable layout. Wire the blocks as a star topology with ACADEMIC as the central hub: ACADEMIC-ADMIN 60 m, ACADEMIC-HOSTEL 40 m, ACADEMIC-SPORTS 120 m. A star is easy to manage and fault-tolerant — a break in one cable isolates only that block.
Two wired transmission media. Inside a block you can use twisted-pair cable (Cat-5e/Cat-6 Ethernet, cheap, good to ~100 m) and optical-fibre cable (high speed, long distance, immune to interference). Coaxial cable is another acceptable wired medium.
Medium used by FM. FM (Frequency Modulation) broadcasting travels on Radio Waves, so the correct option is (A) Radio Waves. (Microwaves are for point-to-point links; infrared is short-range line-of-sight.) (v)(a) Protocol for audio-visual online sessions. …

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Part (a)

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