Q.Case Study (with an illustrated fracture image): 1. Which types of injury is illustrated above? a. Soft tissue b. Hard tissue c. Joint injury d. Ligament injury 2. Recognise the type of facture is illustrated above: a. Green Stick b. Comminuted c. Transverse d. Oblique 3. In which of the factures bone "breaks diagonally"? a. Green Stick b. Comminuted c. Transverse d. Oblique

A hard tissue injury is an injury to the skeletal system itself - the bone either cracks or breaks - as opposed to a soft tissue injury, which damages muscles, ligaments or tendons. This chapter covers two kinds of hard tissue injury: joint dislocation and bone fracture.

A dislocation (also called luxation) is a joint injury that forces the ends of two or more bones out of their normal position; a partial dislocation is called a subluxation. It is usually caused by a fall, a blow, or playing a contact sport, or by weakness in the muscles and tendons that normally hold the joint in place. Its symptoms are pain, swelling, bruising, instability of the joint, loss of the ability to move it, and a visibly deformed joint. Treatment ranges from medication and ice (to control pain while waiting to see a doctor), to manipulation (a doctor manually returning the bones to place), rest in a sling or splint, rehabilitation through physiotherapy, and, in severe cases where manipulation fails or blood vessels, nerves, muscles or ligaments are damaged, surgery. …