Conclusion

Unless some remarkable changes occur, the rural sector risks remaining backward, so a coordinated push on several fronts is needed.

Making rural areas more vibrant

The key is diversification — into dairying, poultry, fisheries, vegetables and fruits — combined with linking rural production centres to urban and foreign (export) markets so that investments earn higher returns.

The enabling conditions

• Strong infrastructure elements such as credit and marketing.
• Farmer-friendly agricultural policies.
• Constant appraisal and dialogue between farmers' groups and state agricultural departments, so the sector can realise its full potential.

Environment and development together

Rural development and the environment can no longer be treated as separate subjects. There is a need to invent or obtain eco-friendly technologies that lead to sustainable development suited to different circumstances, from which each rural community can choose what fits its purpose.

Learning by doing …