Q.Give a detailed account of Kingdom Monera, covering its two broad sub-groups Archaebacteria and Eubacteria (including cyanobacteria and mycoplasma), with reference to their habitat, cell structure, mode of nutrition and economic or ecological importance.
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →Kingdom Monera comprises all prokaryotes, split into Archaebacteria (adapted to extreme habitats via distinct cell-wall chemistry) and Eubacteria (the true bacteria, including cyanobacteria and mycoplasma), showing enormous nutritional and economic diversity.
Overview. Kingdom Monera contains every prokaryotic organism -- cells lacking a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. Bacteria, its sole members, are the most abundant micro-organisms on Earth, found in staggering numbers in ordinary soil and water, as well as in extreme habitats such as hot springs, deep oceans, deserts and permanent snow.
Cell structure and shape. Structurally, bacteria are grouped by shape into the spherical coccus, rod-shaped bacillus, comma-shaped vibrium and spiral spirillum. Despite this structural simplicity, bacteria show extraordinary metabolic diversity.
Archaebacteria. This group is set apart chiefly by a distinct cell-wall chemistry, an adaptation enabling survival in extreme conditions. Three ecological groups are recognised: halophiles, inhabiting extremely salty environments such as salt pans and salt lakes; thermoacidophiles, thriving in hot, acidic springs; and methanogens, found in marshy areas, where they produce methane (marsh gas), and also in the gut of ruminant animals such as cattle and buffaloes, contributing to methane emission from these animals.
Eubacteria. The 'true bacteria' form the much larger and more diverse group, including: rigid, flagellated, motile bacteria; the photosynthetic cyanobacteria ('blue-green algae'), which contain chlorophyll a like green plants, with some filamentous forms (Nostoc, Anabaena) possessing nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, of particular value in paddy-field ecosystems; and the remarkable mycoplasma, which completely lack a cell wall, are the smallest living cells known, can survive without oxygen, and are often pathogenic in both plants and animals. …
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