Q.Why is N2 less reactive at room temperature?
Step 1 — Bonding in .
Each nitrogen atom (2s²2p³) contributes 3 unpaired p electrons; between two N atoms these form one σ bond and two π bonds, i.e., a triple bond: .
Step 2 — Bond strength.
Because nitrogen is a small atom, its 2p orbitals overlap very effectively side-on and head-on, giving an unusually short (110 pm) and strong N≡N bond with bond dissociation enthalpy ≈ 941 kJ mol⁻¹ — among the highest of any diatomic molecule.
Step 3 — Kinetic consequence.
Breaking this bond (a prerequisite for N2 to react, e.g. with H2 or O2) requires a very large activation energy that is simply not available at room temperature; hence behaves as essentially inert under ordinary conditions, reacting only at high temperature/pressure or with catalysts (as in the Haber process) or with highly reactive metals (e.g. Li).
's N≡N triple bond has an unusually high bond dissociation enthalpy (~941 kJ/mol) due to nitrogen's small size and strong orbital overlap; there is not enough thermal energy at room temperature to break this bond, so is largely unreactive under ordinary conditions.
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