Q.Which of the following statements are true/false about Political Theory?

Political theory is the systematic study of the ideas, values and principles -- freedom, equality, democracy, justice, secularism, and principles like the rule of law, separation of powers, and judicial review -- that shape constitutions, governments and social life. It works out what these concepts actually mean and why they matter, by carefully examining the arguments that major political thinkers, across history, have made in their defence: figures like Kautilya and Aristotle in the ancient world, Plato and Aristotle debating monarchy versus democracy as far back as the fifth century BC, and, in the modern era, Jean-Jacques Rousseau (who first argued freedom is a fundamental human right), Karl Marx (who argued equality mattered just as much as freedom), Mahatma Gandhi (who explored the true meaning of freedom, or swaraj, in his book Hind Swaraj), and Dr B.R. Ambedkar (who argued that the scheduled castes must be recognised and protected as a minority). Even though several of these thinkers were never politicians themselves, their ideas shaped generations of politicians and continue to be drawn on by thinkers today.

These debates are not merely academic -- they get built directly into real institutions. The Indian Constitution is a good example: its Preamble enshrines freedom and equality, its chapter on Rights abolishes untouchability in every form, and Gandhian principles find a place in the Directive Principles of State Policy. Political theory remains relevant even in an already-independent, democratic country, for at least three reasons: values like freedom and equality are realised unevenly across the political, economic and social spheres of life (equal voting rights can coexist with real social discrimination based on caste or poverty); rights keep being reinterpreted as circumstances change (courts have expanded the right to life to include the right to a livelihood; new laws have created the right to information); and new technology and new global changes keep creating fresh dimensions of freedom alongside fresh threats to it (global networking helps activists but also helps criminals; internet commerce raises new questions of privacy and regulation).