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Exercise 8.5 · Q2

Q.Find: lim⁡x→82z2−17z+88−z\lim_{x \to 8} \dfrac{2z^2 - 17z + 8}{8 - z}.

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Direct substitution gives the indeterminate form 00\tfrac{0}{0}, so factor the numerator, cancel the common factor (8−z)(8-z), then substitute.

Factor-and-cancel rule: if lim⁡x→af(x)g(x)\lim_{x\to a}\dfrac{f(x)}{g(x)} gives 00\tfrac{0}{0} on direct substitution, factor out the common root (x−a)(x-a) from numerator and denominator, cancel it (valid since x≠ax\ne a while taking the limit), then substitute.

  1. Try direct substitution at z=8z=8.

Numerator: 2(8)2−17(8)+8=128−136+8=0\text{Numerator: } 2(8)^2-17(8)+8 = 128-136+8 = 0

Denominator: 8−8=0\text{Denominator: } 8-8 = 0

This is the indeterminate form 00\tfrac{0}{0}, so (z−8)(z-8) (equivalently (8−z)(8-z)) must be a common factor.

  1. Factor the numerator 2z2−17z+82z^2-17z+8. Look for two numbers whose product is 2×8=162\times 8=16 and whose sum is −17-17: these are −16-16 and −1-1.

2z2−17z+8=2z2−16z−z+8=2z(z−8)−1(z−8)=(2z−1)(z−8)2z^2-17z+8 = 2z^2-16z-z+8 = 2z(z-8)-1(z-8) = (2z-1)(z-8)

  1. Rewrite the fraction, noting (z−8)=−(8−z)(z-8) = -(8-z). …

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