Q.Read the following passage and complete the tasks that follow. Honey bees are among the most valuable workers in the natural world, yet most people know them only as insects that sting. In truth, a honey bee colony is a highly organised society. A single hive may contain up to sixty thousand bees, and each has a fixed role. There is one queen, whose only task is to lay eggs — as many as two thousand a day. There are a few hundred male bees, called drones, whose sole purpose is to mate with a new queen. The vast majority are female worker bees, who do everything else: cleaning the hive, feeding the young, building the wax combs, guarding the entrance and collecting food. The worker bees are also the pollinators on which much of agriculture depends. As a bee moves from flower to flower gathering nectar, grains of pollen stick to its body and are carried to the next bloom, allowing the plant to produce seeds and fruit. Scientists estimate that bees help pollinate close to three-quarters of the crops that feed the world, from apples and almonds to coffee and cotton. Without them, many of these foods would become scarce and expensive. Bee communication is remarkably sophisticated. When a worker finds a rich patch of flowers, she returns to the hive and performs a 'waggle dance' — a figure-of-eight movement whose angle and duration tell the other bees the exact direction and distance of the food. In this way, information travels swiftly through the colony without a single word. In recent years, however, bee populations have fallen alarmingly. The causes include the overuse of pesticides, the loss of wild flowering plants, disease, and the changing climate. Because our food supply is tied so closely to these small creatures, protecting them is not merely kindness to nature but an act of self-interest. Planting pollinator-friendly flowers, reducing chemical sprays and supporting local beekeepers are steps anyone can take. Tasks:

Make notes in phrases, not sentences: give a short title, at least three numbered headings (the colony structure, bees as pollinators, communication, the decline) with indented sub-points, and at least four recognised abbreviations listed in a key. Then build the summary as one connected paragraph straight from those notes, keeping within about 80 words.

(a) Model notes (format as marked):

Title: Honey Bees — Society & Importance

1. Colony structure
   1.1 hive up to 60,000 bees
   1.2 1 queen — lays eggs, ~2000/day
   1.3 few 100 drones — mate with new queen
   1.4 female workers — clean, feed, build combs, guard, collect food
2. Bees as pollinators
   2.1 pollen carried flower to flower while gathering nectar
   2.2 help pollinate ~3/4 of world's crops
   2.3 e.g. apples, almonds, coffee, cotton
   2.4 w/o bees — food scarce & costly
3. Communication
   3.1 'waggle dance' — figure-of-8 movement
   3.2 angle & duration show direction & distance of food
4. Decline & protection
   4.1 causes: pesticides, loss of wild plants, disease, climate
   4.2 protection = self-interest (food supply tied to them)
   4.3 steps: plant flowers, ↓ sprays, support beekeepers

Key:
&     = and
~     = approximately
e.g.  = for example
w/o   = without
↓     = reduce

(Marking: title 1 mark; four numbered headings with indented, numbered sub-points 3 marks; at least four recognised abbreviations with a key 1 mark.)

(b) Model summary (about 80 words):

A honey bee colony is a highly organised society of up to sixty thousand bees, with one egg-laying queen, a few drones and many female workers who run the hive. Workers are vital pollinators, helping produce about three-quarters of the world's crops; without them, food would grow scarce. Bees share the location of food through a 'waggle dance'. However, their numbers are falling due to pesticides, lost plants, disease and climate, so protecting them safeguards our own food supply.

(This summary is drawn from the notes in order, in connected sentences, within the word limit, with no examples or opinion added.)