Q.If nC9=nC8, find nC17.
Concept understanding — Combinations Symmetry Property
The Intuition: Two Ways to Choose
Imagine you have a group of 10 friends, and you need to pick 3 of them to form a committee. One way to think about this is: you are choosing the 3 people who will be on the committee. But there is another, equally valid way to think about it: you are rejecting the 7 people who will not be on the committee.
Choosing 3 to include is the same decision as choosing 7 to exclude. Every time you pick a set of 3, you automatically determine the set of 7 who are left out. There is a perfect one-to-one match between the two choices.
This is the heart of the symmetry property: the number of ways to choose k items from n is exactly the same as the number of ways to choose n−k items from n.
The Precise Statement
(kn)=(n−kn)
Where (kn) (read "n choose k") is the number of combinations — the number of distinct subsets of size k you can pick from a set of n distinct objects.
This holds for any non-negative integers n and k where 0≤k≤n.
Why It Works (The Algebraic Proof)
The formula for combinations is:
(kn)=k!(n−k)!n!
Now compute (n−kn):
(n−kn)=(n−k)!(n−(n−k))!n!=(n−k)!k!n!
The denominator is just k!(n−k)! written in a different order. Since multiplication is commutative, the two expressions are identical.
The symmetry is purely algebraic, but the intuition is what makes it memorable: choosing k to keep is the same as choosing n−k to discard.
Special Cases That Make Sense
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k=0: (0n)=1 (there is exactly one way to choose nothing). By symmetry, (nn)=1 (one way to choose everything). Both make sense — you either take nothing or take all.
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k=1: (1n)=n. Symmetry gives (n−1n)=n. Choosing 1 person to include is the same as choosing n−1 people to exclude — there are n choices in either case.
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k=n/2 (when n is even): Here k=n−k, so the symmetry says (n/2n)=(n/2n). It is trivially true, but it tells you that the middle binomial coefficient is the largest one — the symmetry is about a central peak.
A Common Mistake to Avoid
Do not confuse this with the symmetry of permutations. For permutations, P(n,k)=(n−k)!n! and P(n,n−k) are not equal. The symmetry property is unique to combinations because order does not matter.
Quick Check
If (512)=792, what is (712)?
Answer: (712)=792, because 7=12−5.
No calculation needed — just the symmetry property.
The Combinations Symmetry Property is a standard result taught alongside the NCERT Class 11 Permutations and Combinations chapter, and it frequently appears in "combinations formula and properties" or "nCr = nC(n-r) proof" searches by CBSE and JEE aspirants. Recognising this identity quickly is a common time-saving trick tested in Class 11/12 mathematics important questions and competitive exam MCQs.
The key idea is the symmetry property of combinations:
nCr=nCn−r.
Given nC9=nC8, we can apply the property:
- By symmetry, nC9=nCn−9 and nC8=nCn−8.
- Since the two are equal, either 9=8 (impossible) or 9=n−8 (the complementary pair match).
- Solving 9=n−8 gives n=17.
Now find nC17=17C17. By definition, 17C17=1.
The value is 1.
By the symmetry nCa=nCb with a=b⇒a+b=n, the equality gives n=9+8=17, so nC17=17C17=1.
1. Use the combination identity. If nCa=nCb then either a=b or a+b=n.
2. Apply it here. Since 9=8, the second case must hold:
9+8=n⇒n=17
3. Evaluate the required combination.
nC17=17C17=1
because there is exactly one way to choose all 17 objects from 17.
nC17=1.
Showing the 12 most recent of 17 on this concept.
- CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.If nC8=nC2 then the value of nC2 is(a) 54(b) 10(c) 45(d) None of these
›Reveal solutionSolution
Use the identity nCr=nCs⟹r+s=n (for r=s) to find n, then compute nC2.
The combination identity states: if nCr=nCs with r=s, then r+s=n. Here r=8,s=2, so:
n=8+2=10
Now compute:
10C2=2!8!10!=210×9=45
✓Final answer(c) 45.
- CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.If ⁿC₈ = ⁿC₂, then the value of ⁿC₃ is:(a) 720(b) 360(c) 120(d) None of these
›Reveal solutionSolution
nC8 = nC2 forces n = 10 (since nCr = nC(n-r) implies r + s = n); then compute 10C3 = 120.
Using the identity nCr=nCs⟺r+s=n (or r=s), and since 8=2, we must have:
8+2=n⟹n=10
Now:
10C3=3!7!10!=3×2×110×9×8=6720=120
✓Final answernC3=120 — option (c).
- CBSE 2026Set 1A1 markMCQQ.If 12Cs+1=12C2s−5, then the value of s is -(1) 4(2) 8(3) 12(4) 6
›Reveal solutionSolution
12Cs+1=12C2s−5 gives s=6.
If nCa=nCb then either a=b or a+b=n.
Case 1: s+1=2s−5⇒s=6.
Case 2: (s+1)+(2s−5)=12⇒3s−4=12⇒s=316, not an integer, so rejected.
✓Final answers=6, i.e. option (4).
- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.If nC8=nC6 then the value of nC3 is(a) 350(b) 346(c) 364(d) 580
›Reveal solutionSolution
Using nCr=nCs⟹r+s=n (for r=s), n=8+6=14. Then 14C3=364.
nC8=nC6
Since nCr=nCn−r, having nC8=nC6 with 8=6 means 8=n−6, i.e.
n=8+6=14
Now compute:
14C3=3!11!14!=3×2×114×13×12=62184=364
✓Final answer(c) 364
- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markQ.If ⁿC₆ = ⁿC₄, then the value of n is .............
›Reveal solutionSolution
When two different combination values from the same n are equal, their lower indices add up to n.
Given nC6=nC4.
The identity nCr=nCn−r means nC6=nC4 happens when either 6=4 (impossible) or 6=n−4.
6=n−4⇒n=10
✓Final answern=10.
- CBSE 2024Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.If nC12=nC8, then nC18=(a) 66(b) 190(c) 120(d) None of these
›Reveal solutionSolution
Use the symmetry property nCr=nCn−r to first find n, then compute the required combination.
We are given nC12=nC8. Using the identity nCr=nCn−r, this equality holds when either 12=8 (false) or 12=n−8, giving:
n=12+8=20
Now compute 20C18. Using the symmetry property again (since 18 is close to 20, it's easier to compute the complement):
20C18=20C20−18=20C2=2×120×19=2380=190
✓Final answer(b) 190.
- CBSE 2023Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.If nC5=nC7, then n=(a) 5(b) 7(c) 12(d) 0
›Reveal solutionSolution
The identity nCr=nCn−r means two equal combination values (with different lower indices) must have indices summing to n.
A key combinatorics identity is:
nCr=nCn−r
Given nC5=nC7 with 5=7, this can only hold if 7=n−5 (the complementary pairing), so:
n=5+7=12
✓Final answer(c) 12.
- CBSE 2023Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.If nC7=nC5, then the value of n is(a) 2(b) 10(c) 12(d) 35
›Reveal solutionSolution
Use the identity nCr=nCn−r.
By the identity nCr=nCn−r, nC7=nCn−7.
Given nC7=nC5, matching the lower indices gives n−7=5, so n=12.
Check: 12C7=12C5=792. ✓
✓Final answer(iii) 12
- CBSE 2022Set ANNUAL1 markQ.If ⁿC₆ = ⁿC₈, then the value of n is ............ .
›Reveal solutionSolution
Since 6=8, the equal-combination property gives n=6+8=14.
For combinations, nCr=nCs implies either r=s, or r+s=n.
Here r=6, s=8, which are different, so:
n=r+s=6+8=14
✓Final answern=14.
- CBSE 2022Set ANNUAL1 markQ.If nC8=nC2, find nC2.
›Reveal solutionSolution
nC2=45.
Using nCr=nCs⇒r+s=n (for r=s): here nC8=nC2 gives
n=8+2=10.
Then 10C2=210×9=45.
✓Final answern=10 and nC2=45.
- CBSE 2022Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.Fill in the blank with the correct option: if nC12=nC8, then n=____(a) 11(b) 14(c) 20
›Reveal solutionSolution
nC12=nC8 implies n=12+8=20.
For combinations, nCr=nCs holds if either r=s, or r+s=n (since nCr=nCn−r).
Here r=12 and s=8 are different, so we use r+s=n: n=12+8=20.
Check: 20C12=20C20−12=20C8. ✓
✓Final answern=20.
- CBSE 2022Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.If nC12=nC8, then n is(a) 20(b) 12(c) 6(d) 8
›Reveal solutionSolution
n=20.
If nCr=nCs with res, then r+s=n. Here 12+8=20, so n=20.
A standard CBSE/NCERT Class 11 Permutations and Combinations identity.
✓Final answer(a) 20.
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