When will be the growth of population positive in any place and in which one of the following conditions ? (A)

Question

Q. When will be the growth of population positive in any place and in which one of the following conditions ? (A) High birth rate, low death rate and high immigration (B) High birth rate, high death rate and low immigration (C) Low birth rate, high death rate and low immigration (D) Low birth rate, low death rate and low immigration

CBSECBSE Class XII Board 2023MCQ· 1mImportance★★★★★

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Concept understanding — Population Change Components

Population Change Components

Think of a city you know. Every year, some families move in, some move out. Babies are born, elderly people pass away. The city's population at the end of the year is not the same as it was at the start — it has changed. That change is the result of three basic forces working together.

In geography and demography, population change refers to the increase or decrease in the number of people living in a particular area over a given period. The components of population change are the three fundamental processes that cause this change: births, deaths, and migration.

The Three Components

Important

Population change is always the net effect of three components: births add people, deaths remove people, and migration either adds or removes people depending on whether more people move in or out.

1. Births (Fertility)

Every newborn child adds one person to the population. The number of births in a place depends on factors like the number of women of childbearing age, social norms, economic conditions, and access to healthcare. Births are the main way a population grows naturally.

2. Deaths (Mortality)

Every death removes one person from the population. The number of deaths depends on the age structure of the population, healthcare quality, nutrition, disease patterns, and accidents. When deaths are fewer than births, the population grows naturally.

3. Migration

Migration is the movement of people across a boundary — from one village to another, one state to another, or one country to another.

In-migration (immigration): people moving into an area — adds to population.
Out-migration (emigration): people moving out of an area — subtracts from population.

Migration is different from births and deaths because it is not a biological event — it is a social and economic decision. People move for jobs, education, marriage, or to escape conflict or disaster.

How They Combine

The total change in population over a period is simply:

Population change = (Births – Deaths) + (In-migration – Out-migration)

The first part — births minus deaths — is called natural increase (or natural decrease if deaths exceed births). The second part — in-migration minus out-migration — is called net migration.

A region can grow even if its natural increase is zero or negative, as long as enough people move in. Conversely, a region with high natural increase can still shrink if many people move out.

Why This Matters

Understanding these components helps us answer real questions:

Why is India's population still growing despite falling birth rates? Because the number of young people (who will have children) is still very large — this is called population momentum. …

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Population growth is positive when the combined effect of births and immigration exceeds the combined effect of deaths and emigration — the only option that guarantees this is high birth rate, low death rate, and high immigration.

Population change in any place is the net result of three components: births (which add people), deaths (which remove people), and migration (which can add or remove people depending on whether it is inward or outward). When we talk about the growth of population being positive, we mean that the total number of people in that place is increasing over time. That happens only when the sum of additions (births + in-migrants) is greater than the sum of removals (deaths + out-migrants).

Now, the question gives us four combinations of birth rate, death rate, and immigration — but notice it does not mention emigration (people leaving). In such a simplified model, we assume that immigration is the only form of migration considered, and that emigration is either zero or negligible. Under that assumption, positive population growth requires that births plus immigrants exceed deaths.

Let us examine each option:

Option A: High birth rate, low death rate, high immigration — Here, two of the three factors (births and immigration) are adding people strongly, while the one factor removing people (deaths) is low. This combination clearly produces a large surplus of additions over removals. Population growth will be positive, and likely rapid.
Option B: High birth rate, high death rate, low immigration — High births add many people, but high deaths remove many people. With only low immigration to tip the balance, the net effect could be positive, zero, or even negative depending on exactly how high the birth and death rates are relative to each other. This is not a guaranteed condition for positive growth.
Option C: Low birth rate, high death rate, low immigration — Here, both additions (births and immigration) are low, while removals (deaths) are high. This combination almost certainly produces negative population growth — the population will shrink. …

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Same / Similar Concept — real previous-year questions on the same or a closely similar concept, not this exact question.

CBSE 2023Set 64/2/11 markMCQ
$Q. When will be the growth of population positive in any place and in which one of the following conditions ? (A) High birth rate, low death rate and high immigration (B) High birth rate, high death rate and low immigration (C) Low birth rate, high death rate and low immigration (D) Low birth rate, low death rate and low immigration$
›Reveal solutionSolution
Population growth is positive when the combined effect of births and immigration exceeds the combined effect of deaths and emigration — the only option that guarantees this is high birth rate, low death rate, and high immigration.

Population change in any place is the net result of three components: births (which add people), deaths (which remove people), and migration (which can add or remove people depending on whether it is inward or outward). When we talk about the growth of population being positive, we mean that the total number of people in that place is increasing over time. That happens only when the sum of additions (births + in-migrants) is greater than the sum of removals (deaths + out-migrants).

Now, the question gives us four combinations of birth rate, death rate, and immigration — but notice it does not mention emigration (people leaving). In such a simplified model, we assume that immigration is the only form of migration considered, and that emigration is either zero or negligible. Under that assumption, positive population growth requires that births plus immigrants exceed deaths.

Let us examine each option:

Option A: High birth rate, low death rate, high immigration — Here, two of the three factors (births and immigration) are adding people strongly, while the one factor removing people (deaths) is low. This combination clearly produces a large surplus of additions over removals. Population growth will be positive, and likely rapid.

Option B: High birth rate, high death rate, low immigration — High births add many people, but high deaths remove many people. With only low immigration to tip the balance, the net effect could be positive, zero, or even negative depending on exactly how high the birth and death rates are relative to each other. This is not a guaranteed condition for positive growth.

Option C: Low birth rate, high death rate, low immigration — Here, both additions (births and immigration) are low, while removals (deaths) are high. This combination almost certainly produces negative population growth — the population will shrink. …
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