Q.Fill in the blanks:
a. The border conflict between China and India in 1962 was principally over ______________ and __________________ region.
b. ARF was established in the year ______________________ .
c. China entered into bilateral relations with __________ (a major country) in 1972.
d. ________________ Plan influenced the establishment of the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation in 1948.
e. ___________ is the organisation of ASEAN that deals with security.
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →The 1962 Sino-Indian war was over the Aksai Chin and the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA); ARF was founded in 1994; China normalised ties with the USA in 1972; the Marshall Plan shaped the OEEC; and the ASEAN Security Community (ASC) is ASEAN's security body.
Let us take each blank in turn, placing it in its proper historical context.
a. The border conflict between China and India in 1962 was principally over ______________ and __________________ region.
The 1962 war was the tragic culmination of a long-simmering boundary dispute rooted in the colonial era. The two principal areas of contention were Aksai Chin in the western sector (a high-altitude desert region through which China later built a strategic road linking Tibet with Xinjiang) and the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) in the eastern sector (the mountainous tract that is now Arunachal Pradesh). India claimed both areas based on the McMahon Line (for NEFA) and historical administrative practice (for Aksai Chin), while China rejected these claims, insisting on its own historical and strategic arguments. The war itself broke out in October 1962, with fierce fighting in both sectors before a unilateral Chinese ceasefire.
The 1962 war permanently altered India's strategic outlook and led to a major expansion of its defence capabilities. The dispute over these two regions remains unresolved to this day.
b. ARF was established in the year ______________________ .
The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) was established in 1994. It was created as a multilateral platform for dialogue and confidence-building on security issues in the Asia-Pacific region. The end of the Cold War had created a new strategic landscape, and ASEAN members wanted a forum where major powers (including the US, China, Japan, and Russia) could discuss regional security concerns — from the South China Sea disputes to nuclear non-proliferation — in a cooperative, rather than confrontational, manner. The ARF's first formal meeting was held in Bangkok in July 1994.
c. China entered into bilateral relations with __________ (a major country) in 1972.
The year 1972 marks a watershed in modern diplomatic history: China entered into bilateral relations with the United States of America. This breakthrough was the result of President Richard Nixon's historic visit to China in February 1972, following months of secret diplomacy via Pakistan and Romania. The Shanghai Communiqué, issued at the end of the visit, laid the groundwork for the gradual normalisation of Sino-American ties. This move was driven by a shared strategic interest in countering Soviet influence, and it fundamentally reshaped the Cold War balance of power.
Formal diplomatic relations between the US and China were not fully established until January 1, 1979, but the 1972 visit and communiqué were the crucial first step.
d. ________________ Plan influenced the establishment of the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation in 1948. …
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