Q.Pass journal entries for issue of debentures for the following transactions :
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →Journal entries for debenture issues record the cash received, the debenture liability at face value, and any premium/discount on issue or premium on redemption in separate accounts (Securities Premium Reserve, Discount/Loss on Issue of Debentures, Premium on Redemption of Debentures).
When a company issues debentures it is borrowing money. The face value (₹100 per debenture) is the amount promised on maturity. Any difference between the issue price and the face value, or between the face value and the redemption price, is accounted for separately.
The golden rule: the Debentures account is always credited with the face value. Any amount received above face value is a gain (Securities Premium Reserve). Any amount received below face value is a discount (Discount on Issue of Debentures). If debentures are to be redeemed at a premium, that future extra payment is a loss recognised now — debit Loss on Issue of Debentures and credit Premium on Redemption of Debentures (a liability).
Issue at premium and redeemable at premium are separate events. Issue premium is a gain now (Securities Premium Reserve); redemption premium is a future loss recorded now (Loss on Issue + Premium on Redemption). Do NOT net the two against each other — the loss is booked at the full redemption premium.
(i) Issued 3,000, 11% debentures of ₹100 each at par, redeemable at 5% premium.
Issued at par → receive ₹100 each. Redeemable at 5% premium → pay ₹105 each on maturity. The ₹5 per debenture is a future loss booked now.
- Total face value = 3,000 × ₹100 = ₹3,00,000
- Premium on redemption = 3,000 × ₹5 = ₹15,000
| Date | Particulars | L.F. | Debit (₹) | Credit (₹) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bank A/c (3,000 × ₹100) Dr. | 3,00,000 | |||
| Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c (3,000 × ₹5) Dr. | 15,000 | |||
| To 11% Debentures A/c (3,000 × ₹100) | 3,00,000 | |||
| To Premium on Redemption of Debentures A/c (3,000 × ₹5) | 15,000 | |||
| (Being 3,000, 11% debentures issued at par, redeemable at 5% premium) |
(ii) Issued 4,000, 12% debentures of ₹100 each at 5% premium, redeemable at 10% premium.
Issued at 5% premium → receive ₹105 each (₹5 goes to Securities Premium Reserve). Redeemable at 10% premium → pay ₹110 each on maturity.
- Total face value = 4,000 × ₹100 = ₹4,00,000
- Securities premium (on issue) = 4,000 × ₹5 = ₹20,000
- Premium on redemption = 4,000 × ₹10 = ₹40,000
- Loss on Issue of Debentures = full premium payable on redemption = ₹40,000
| Date | Particulars | L.F. | Debit (₹) | Credit (₹) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bank A/c (4,000 × ₹105) Dr. | 4,20,000 | |||
| Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c (4,000 × ₹10) Dr. | 40,000 | |||
| To 12% Debentures A/c (4,000 × ₹100) | 4,00,000 | |||
| To Securities Premium Reserve A/c (4,000 × ₹5) | 20,000 | |||
| To Premium on Redemption of Debentures A/c (4,000 × ₹10) | 40,000 | |||
| (Being 4,000, 12% debentures issued at 5% premium, redeemable at 10% premium) |
Check: Debit ₹4,20,000 + ₹40,000 = ₹4,60,000 = Credit ₹4,00,000 + ₹20,000 + ₹40,000. The entry balances.
Loss on Issue of Debentures equals the FULL premium payable on redemption (here ₹40,000), whether or not the debentures were issued at a premium. The securities premium received is credited on its own and is never subtracted from the loss.
(iii) Issued ₹3,00,000, 9% debentures of ₹100 each at par redeemable at par.
No premium or discount on either side.
| Date | Particulars | L.F. | Debit (₹) | Credit (₹) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bank A/c Dr. | 3,00,000 | |||
| To 9% Debentures A/c | 3,00,000 | |||
| (Being ₹3,00,000, 9% debentures issued at par, redeemable at par) |
(iv) Issued ₹7,00,000, 9% debentures at a discount of 10% redeemable at par.
Issued at 10% discount → receive ₹90 each. Redeemable at par → no redemption loss.
- Number of debentures = ₹7,00,000 ÷ ₹100 = 7,000 …
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