Q.Read the following statements : Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct alternative from those given below. Assertion (A) : Lower child mortality rate is a better indicator of gender equality. Reason (R) : Preference for a male child exists in India, Pakistan and China. Alternatives :
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →Both the assertion that a lower child mortality rate indicates better gender equality and the reason that male child preference exists in certain countries are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion.
Understanding societal development involves looking at various indicators, and child mortality rate is a crucial one. It reflects the overall health, sanitation, and nutritional status of a population, especially its most vulnerable members – children. Gender equality, on the other hand, refers to the equal treatment of individuals regardless of their gender, ensuring equal opportunities and outcomes.
Let's break down the Assertion (A): "Lower child mortality rate is a better indicator of gender equality."
The child mortality rate measures the number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1,000 live births. A lower rate generally signifies improved healthcare facilities, better nutrition, access to clean water, and overall better living conditions. In many societies, gender discrimination can manifest as neglect of girl children, leading to poorer nutrition, less access to healthcare, and consequently, higher mortality rates for girls compared to boys. Therefore, a low overall child mortality rate suggests that such severe gender-based discrimination leading to death is less prevalent. This implies that both boys and girls are likely receiving adequate care, which is a characteristic of a more gender-equal society. While not the sole or most direct indicator, it certainly reflects a positive aspect of gender equality by indicating reduced gender-based neglect leading to death. Thus, Assertion (A) is true.
While a low overall child mortality rate is a positive sign, a more direct indicator of gender equality related to child survival would be the ratio of male to female child mortality. If female child mortality is significantly higher than male child mortality, it strongly indicates gender inequality. However, a low overall rate still suggests that extreme gender-based neglect leading to death is less common.
Now, let's examine the Reason (R): "Preference for a male child exists in India, Pakistan and China."
This statement is factually correct and widely acknowledged. In many parts of these countries, a strong cultural and economic preference for male children persists. This preference often stems from various factors, including traditional beliefs about lineage, economic support in old age, and dowry practices. This male child preference has significant implications for gender equality, often leading to practices like sex-selective abortions (female foeticide) and, in some cases, neglect of girl children after birth. Thus, Reason (R) is true.
Finally, we evaluate if Reason (R) is the correct explanation for Assertion (A). …
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