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NCERT Exemplar · Q39

Q.∫etan⁡−1x(1+x+x21+x2)dx\int e^{\tan^{-1}x}\left(\dfrac{1+x+x^2}{1+x^2}\right)dx

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Appeared in past exams:COMEDK 2025· Set 2025-A· 1mexactGUJCET 2025· Set 03· 1mexact
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The key idea is to rewrite the integrand so that the derivative of tan⁡−1x\tan^{-1}x appears, then use the substitution t=tan⁡−1xt = \tan^{-1}x to reduce the integral to a standard exponential form. The final result is xetan⁡−1x+C\boxed{x e^{\tan^{-1}x} + C}.

Why This Approach Works

When you see etan⁡−1xe^{\tan^{-1}x} in an integral, your first instinct should be: the derivative of tan⁡−1x\tan^{-1}x is 11+x2\frac{1}{1+x^2}. That derivative is already sitting in the denominator of the rational part. The trick is to split the numerator cleverly so that the whole expression becomes something like etan⁡−1x⋅ddx(something)e^{\tan^{-1}x} \cdot \frac{d}{dx}(\text{something}).

The integrand is etan⁡−1x⋅1+x+x21+x2e^{\tan^{-1}x} \cdot \frac{1+x+x^2}{1+x^2}. Notice that 11+x2\frac{1}{1+x^2} is the derivative of tan⁡−1x\tan^{-1}x, so if we can write the rest as a derivative of something times etan⁡−1xe^{\tan^{-1}x}, we might be able to integrate by parts or use the fact that ddx(etan⁡−1x)=etan⁡−1x⋅11+x2\frac{d}{dx}(e^{\tan^{-1}x}) = e^{\tan^{-1}x} \cdot \frac{1}{1+x^2}.

Let’s work it out step by step.


  1. Rewrite the rational part Separate the fraction:

1+x+x21+x2=1+x21+x2+x1+x2=1+x1+x2\frac{1+x+x^2}{1+x^2} = \frac{1+x^2}{1+x^2} + \frac{x}{1+x^2} = 1 + \frac{x}{1+x^2}

So the integral becomes:

I=∫etan⁡−1x(1+x1+x2)dx=∫etan⁡−1x dx+∫etan⁡−1x⋅x1+x2 dxI = \int e^{\tan^{-1}x} \left(1 + \frac{x}{1+x^2}\right) dx = \int e^{\tan^{-1}x} \, dx + \int e^{\tan^{-1}x} \cdot \frac{x}{1+x^2} \, dx

  1. Spot the derivative pattern Recall:

ddx(etan⁡−1x)=etan⁡−1x⋅11+x2\frac{d}{dx}\left(e^{\tan^{-1}x}\right) = e^{\tan^{-1}x} \cdot \frac{1}{1+x^2}

This is almost the second term, except we have xx in the numerator instead of 11. So the second term is xx times the derivative of etan⁡−1xe^{\tan^{-1}x}.

  1. Combine into a single derivative Consider the derivative of xetan⁡−1xx e^{\tan^{-1}x}: …

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