Q. _______.
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →The key idea is to rewrite the integral using a substitution that turns the denominator into a form matching the standard arctangent integral. The final result is .
Why This Approach Works
When you see a denominator like , your first instinct might be to try trigonometric identities. But notice the numerator is , which is almost the derivative of (up to a sign). That’s the real clue: whenever you have a function and its derivative nearby, substitution is the natural path.
The denominator is a sum of a constant and a square of . After substitution, this becomes , which is the classic form for the arctangent integral:
So the plan is: let , handle the sign from , and then match the constants.
Step-by-Step Solution
1. Choose the substitution.
Let . Then , which means .
2. Rewrite the integral.
The original integral becomes:
3. Factor the denominator to match the standard form.
We want something like . Factor out the 4:
So the integral is:
4. Identify and apply the arctangent formula.
Here , so . Using :
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