Q.State whether each of the following is an example of the Census Method or the Sample Method:

Checking every unit with none omitted is a census; testing only a subset and generalising to the whole batch is sampling.

Step 1 — Analyse (i). "Every single name on the electoral roll" means no unit (voter) is left out — this is complete enumeration, the defining feature of the Census Method. It also makes practical sense here: an electoral roll legally requires every voter's name to be individually verified, not just a representative estimate.

Step 2 — Analyse (ii). Only 50 of the 10,000 bulbs are tested, and the result (average lifespan) is meant to represent the whole batch of 10,000 — this is the Sample Method. It is also the only sensible choice here: testing a light bulb's lifespan is a destructive test (the bulb is used until it fails), so testing all 10,000 would leave nothing left to sell — a classic real-world reason sampling is preferred over a census.

Check. Both classifications match not just the definition but also the practical logic behind why each method was chosen in its scenario — legal completeness for the electoral roll, and destructive testing for the light bulbs.

Assuming that testing "a lot" of items (like 50) somehow makes it a partial census rather than a sample is a misunderstanding — the method is a Sample Method any time it is less than the FULL population, regardless of how many units are actually studied.